Abstract
1. The seeds on an ear not fully ripen differ considerably in the degree of ripeness from one another, even if they seem uniformly developed.2. Premature germination depends greatly on different ripening stages and on the treatment of seeds after being gathered. Strict determination of the ripening stage is therefore necessary for the germinaiton experiment of the seeds.3. Seeds detached and laid a week after gathering begin germinating almost immediately, either intact or embryo alone, and are quicker in doing so than those freshly collected seeds, which germinate later and irregularly.4. In the case of freshly collected seeds, those that are most ripened, germinate quicker than unripened ones, while in the case of seeds stored a week in the laboratory, the nearly reverse is the case, and germination having taken place at the same time.5. In the case of seeds in the milk stage, freshly collected seeds, containing the largest amount of water, show the least sign of germination for a while, but when their water-contents are reduced to a constant value about a week after picking, they show abrupt signs of germination.6. The growth of embryos washed of the endosperm juice is much quicker than those with the juice not washed or added.7. It is presumed that the endosperm juice of seeds in the milk stage contains a germination prohibiting substance which undergoes a change during the decrease of water in the ripening endosperm or by the artificial desiccation, tending to a substance not interfering with the germination.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds on the same maize ear differ considerably in degree of ripeness.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e1“The seeds on an ear not fully ripen differ considerably in the degree of ripeness from one another”
Claim · model-written summary
Premature germination of maize seed depends on ripening stage and on post-gathering seed treatment.
- Organ / stage
- ripening stagese2
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds after being gatherede2
- Outcome
- Premature germinatione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e2“Premature germination depends greatly on different ripening stages and on the treatment of seeds after being gathered”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize seeds laid a week after gathering germinate almost immediately, faster than freshly collected seeds.
- Treatment
- laid a week after gatheringe3
- Outcome
- germinatinge3
- Direction
- quickere3
- Comparator
- freshly collected seedse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e3“Seeds detached and laid a week after gathering begin germinating almost immediately, either intact or embryo alone, and are quicker in doing so than those freshly collected seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
In freshly collected maize seeds, the most ripened seeds germinate faster than unripened ones.
- Treatment
- most ripenede4
- Outcome
- germinatee4
- Direction
- quickere4
- Qualifier
- freshly collected seedse4
- Comparator
- unripened onese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e4“In the case of freshly collected seeds, those that are most ripened, germinate quicker than unripened ones”
Claim · model-written summary
In maize seeds stored a week in the laboratory, the ripeness pattern of germination is nearly reversed.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e5“in the case of seeds stored a week in the laboratory, the nearly reverse is the case, and germination having taken place at the same time”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk-stage maize seeds with the highest water content show the least sign of germination for a while.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e6“In the case of seeds in the milk stage, freshly collected seeds, containing the largest amount of water, show the least sign of germination for a while”
Claim · model-written summary
Milk-stage maize seeds whose water content is reduced to a constant value about a week after picking show abrupt signs of germination.
- Treatment
- reduced to a constant value about a week after pickinge7
- Outcome
- abrupt signs of germinatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e7“but when their water-contents are reduced to a constant value about a week after picking, they show abrupt signs of germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize embryos washed of endosperm juice grow much faster than embryos with the juice not washed or added.
- Treatment
- embryos washed of the endosperm juicee7
- Outcome
- growth of embryose7
- Direction
- much quickere7
- Comparator
- those with the juice not washed or addede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e7“The growth of embryos washed of the endosperm juice is much quicker than those with the juice not washed or added”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosperm juice of milk-stage maize seeds is presumed to contain a germination-prohibiting substance that changes during desiccation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e7“It is presumed that the endosperm juice of seeds in the milk stage contains a germination prohibiting substance which undergoes a change during the decrease of water in the ripening endosperm or by the artificial desiccation”
Claim · model-written summary
Strict determination of the ripening stage is necessary before maize germination experiments.
- Outcome
- Strict determination of the ripening stagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”
e7“Strict determination of the ripening stage is therefore necessary”