Abstract
Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rimbo was grown for 10 days after emergence in hydroponic culture containing 0.12 (control), 5, 10 and 15 micro M copper. The seeds were germinated in the presence of the copper solution. The Cu contents increased with the treatment in both shoots and roots, maintaining in the roots a value eight- to ten-fold higher than in the shoots. With the treatment both shoots and roots underwent growth inhibition and an increase in the percentage of dry weight. Membrane damage and lipid peroxidation increased and glutathione was oxidized as the copper concentration increased, indicating an acceleration of oxidative processes. Control shoots had high contents of reduced glutathione and low contents of phytochelatin-SH whereas roots showed an opposite pattern, suggesting an utilization of reduced glutathione for phytochelatin synthesis. In both parts phytochelatin-SH content reached the maximum at 5 micro M copper and then decreased, reaching at 15 micro M copper the control value in the roots and a value five-fold higher than the control value in the shoots. The main phenolic acids represented in R. sativus were chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, siringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids whereas the least represented were gallic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids. The phenolic acids as well as the total and reduced ascorbate contents increased with the intensification of copper treatment. Notwithstanding these changes, total ascorbate remained 35% higher in the shoots than in the roots. The reduced ascorbate was thus able to replenish reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals thus explaining the increase in the phenolic compounds.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Cu contents increased with copper treatment in both shoots and roots of radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativust0 - Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- copper excesst1
- Outcome
- Cu contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
t1“copper excess”
e0“The Cu contents increased with the treatment in both shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots maintained a Cu content eight- to ten-fold higher than shoots.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- a valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- eight- to ten-folde0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“maintaining in the roots a value eight- to ten-fold higher than in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper treatment inhibited growth of both shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse0
- Treatment
- copper excesst1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
t1“copper excess”
e0“With the treatment both shoots and roots underwent growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper treatment increased the percentage of dry weight in both shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- copper excesst1
- Outcome
- percentage of dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
t1“copper excess”
e0“an increase in the percentage of dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Membrane damage and lipid peroxidation increased as copper concentration increased.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- Membrane damage and lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“Membrane damage and lipid peroxidation increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione was oxidized as copper concentration increased.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- copper concentratione0
- Outcome
- glutathione was oxidizede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“glutathione was oxidized as the copper concentration increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Control radish shoots had high contents of reduced glutathione.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- reduced glutathionee0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“Control shoots had high contents of reduced glutathione”
Claim · model-written summary
Control radish shoots had low contents of phytochelatin-SH.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- phytochelatin-SHe0
- Direction
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“Control shoots had high contents of reduced glutathione and low contents of phytochelatin-SH”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots showed the opposite pattern to control shoots (low reduced glutathione and high phytochelatin-SH).
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- opposite patterne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“roots showed an opposite pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that reduced glutathione is used for phytochelatin synthesis.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Compound
- reduced glutathionee0
- Outcome
- phytochelatin synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“an utilization of reduced glutathione for phytochelatin synthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytochelatin-SH content reached its maximum at 5 micro M copper and then decreased in both shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 5 micro M coppere0
- Outcome
- phytochelatin-SH contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“phytochelatin-SH content reached the maximum at 5 micro M copper and then decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 micro M copper, root phytochelatin-SH returned to the control value.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 15 micro M coppere0
- Outcome
- control valuee0
- Comparator
- the control valuee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“reaching at 15 micro M copper the control value in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 micro M copper, shoot phytochelatin-SH was five-fold higher than the control value.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- a valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- five-folde0
- Comparator
- the control valuee0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“a value five-fold higher than the control value in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorogenic, vanillic and caffeic acids were among the main phenolic acids in radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“The main phenolic acids represented in R. sativus were chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic”
Claim · model-written summary
Siringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were also among the main phenolic acids in radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- siringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“siringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Gallic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were the least represented phenolic acids in radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- gallic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“the least represented were gallic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic acids and total and reduced ascorbate contents increased with intensifying copper treatment.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- intensification of copper treatmente0
- Outcome
- phenolic acids as well as the total and reduced ascorbate contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“The phenolic acids as well as the total and reduced ascorbate contents increased with the intensification of copper treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Total ascorbate remained 35% higher in shoots than in roots.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- total ascorbatee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“total ascorbate remained 35% higher in the shoots than in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that reduced ascorbate replenished reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals, explaining the increase in phenolic compounds.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Compound
- reduced ascorbatee0
- Outcome
- increase in the phenolic compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Raphanus sativus”
e0“The reduced ascorbate was thus able to replenish reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals thus explaining the increase in the phenolic compounds”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · molecular: metabolites · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
copper atom · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.