Abstract
In order to enhance variation induced by the tissue culture process and to obtain agronomically desirable mutants, friable embryogenic tissue cultures of maize ( Zea mays L.) inbred line B73 were x‐ray irradiated with 11 doses [0–8.4 kilorads (kR)]. Reductions in callus growth rate and embryogenic callus formation occurred with increasing x‐ray doses 20 d and 3 months (90 d) after irradiation. Callus irradiated with 0.8 kR showed a significant increase in growth rate and a 20% increase in embryogenic callus 9 months (270 d) after irradiation. A total of 230 R 0 plants were regenerated for evaluation. Pollen fertility and seed set of R 0 plants decreased with increasing x‐ray dosage. Days to anthesis and plant height of R 0 plants varied among x‐ray treatments but were generally reduced with higher dosages. The number of chromosomal aberrations increased with x‐ray dosage. The R 1 seeds taken from R 0 plants were also grown and tested for mutant segregation. Plants regenerated from irradiated calli had a two‐ to 10‐fold increase in mutations over plants regenerated from unirradiated control callus. Germination frequency of seeds from R 0 plants decreased with increasing x‐ray dosage. Although chlorophyll mutants were most frequently observed, a number of vigorous plants with earlier anthesis date were also recovered.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Callus growth rate decreased with increasing X-ray dose at 20 and 90 days.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in callus growth rate and embryogenic callus formation occurred with increasing x‐ray doses 20 d and 3 months (90 d) after irradiation”
t0“Maize Inbred Line B73”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryogenic callus formation decreased with increasing dose at 20 and 90 days.
- Material
- B73t0
- Treatment
- increasing x‐ray dosese0
- Outcome
- embryogenic callus formatione0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in callus growth rate and embryogenic callus formation occurred with increasing x‐ray doses 20 d and 3 months (90 d) after irradiation”
t0“Maize Inbred Line B73”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.8 kR, callus growth rate significantly increased at nine months.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Callus irradiated with 0.8 kR showed a significant increase in growth rate and a 20% increase in embryogenic callus 9 months (270 d) after irradiation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.8 kR, embryogenic callus increased 20% at nine months.
- Treatment
- irradiated with 0.8 kRe0
- Outcome
- embryogenic calluse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 9 months (270 d)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Callus irradiated with 0.8 kR showed a significant increase in growth rate and a 20% increase in embryogenic callus 9 months (270 d) after irradiation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen fertility decreased as X-ray dose increased.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pollen fertility and seed set of R 0 plants decreased with increasing x‐ray dosage”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed set decreased as X-ray dose increased.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pollen fertility and seed set of R 0 plants decreased with increasing x‐ray dosage”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Days to anthesis generally decreased at higher doses.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Days to anthesis and plant height of R 0 plants varied among x‐ray treatments but were generally reduced with higher dosages”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height generally decreased at higher doses.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Days to anthesis and plant height of R 0 plants varied among x‐ray treatments but were generally reduced with higher dosages”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosomal aberrations increased with X-ray dose.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of chromosomal aberrations increased with x‐ray dosage”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Regenerated plants from irradiated callus had two to ten times more mutations than controls.
- Treatment
- irradiated callie0
- Outcome
- mutationse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- two‐ to 10‐folde0
- Comparator
- plants regenerated from unirradiated control calluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants regenerated from irradiated calli had a two‐ to 10‐fold increase in mutations over plants regenerated from unirradiated control callus”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germination frequency decreased as X-ray dose increased.
- Material
- R 0 plantse0
- Treatment
- increasing x‐ray dosagee0
- Outcome
- Germination frequency of seedse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination frequency of seeds from R 0 plants decreased with increasing x‐ray dosage”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll mutants were the most frequent mutants.
- Outcome
- chlorophyll mutants were most frequently observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll mutants were most frequently observed”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Vigorous plants with earlier anthesis were recovered.
- Outcome
- vigorous plants with earlier anthesis datee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a number of vigorous plants with earlier anthesis date were also recovered”
t0“Maize”
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