Abstract
Abstract A field experiment was conducted to elucidate factors influencing dry matter accumulation in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. ‘Burley 21’) growing in soil whose acidity was increased by fertilizer. Relatively large amounts of commercial fertilizers commonly are added to soil in burley tobacco production and knowledge of the effects of such additions on dry matter accumulation may lead to increased yields of cured leaf and improved usability of cigarette smoke. Samples of soil and plant material were obtained at varying dates during the growing season and were chemically analyzed. Varying soil pH levels were obtained from applications of N as ammonium nitrate at rates of 0, 90, 180, and 360 kg N/ha. The addition of N fertilizer to Maury silt loam soil with an initial pH of 6.2 significantly increased exchangeable Mn and decreased soil pH, exchangeable Ca, and concentrations of available MoO 4 −2 and H 2 PO 4 − . Exchangeable Mg and K were little affected by N fertilizer at any sampling date. Much of the decrease in exchangeable Ca may be attributed to leaching with NO 3 − by excessive rainfall early in the season. Evidence indicated some delay of nitrification of NH 4 + in plots fertilized at the 360 kg N rate. Nitrogen fertilization of tobacco increased concentrations of Mn in leaves, but levels were not judged to be excessive for normal growth. A tendency existed for concentrations of Ca and Mg to be decreased by N at 40 days after transplanting and concentrations were near deficiency levels for Ca at this date, although exchangeable soil Ca levels exceeded 1500 ppm. In contrast, at 77 days and at harvest, N fertilizer significantly increased plant concentrations of Ca and Mg. Molybdenum concentrations in leaves from high N plots were only 20 to 50% of those in plots unfertilized with N. Concentrations of MoO 4 −2 in leaves from fertilized plots were near deficiency levels for most of the growing season. The data suggested interaction of MoO 4 −2 and Mn, and of Mn with Ca and Mg within the plant. Correlation and regression analyses revealed significant relationships of soil measurements near transplanting and dry matter at 40 days and of plant constituents and dry matter at all dates. Results indicated the depression of dry weight by N fertilizer noted previously during early growth was the direct or indirect result of fertilizer‐induced soil acidity.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased soil exchangeable manganese.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- exchangeable Mne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of N fertilizer to Maury silt loam soil with an initial pH of 6.2 significantly increased exchangeable Mn”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer decreased soil pH, calcium, molybdate and phosphate availability.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil pH, exchangeable Ca, and concentrations of available MoO 4 −2 and H 2 PO 4 −e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of N fertilizer to Maury silt loam soil with an initial pH of 6.2 significantly increased exchangeable Mn and decreased soil pH, exchangeable Ca, and concentrations of available MoO 4 −2 and H 2 PO 4 −”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable soil magnesium and potassium changed little with nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Exchangeable Mg and Ke0
- Direction
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exchangeable Mg and K were little affected by N fertilizer at any sampling date”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive rain may have leached calcium alongside nitrate.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- decrease in exchangeable Cae0
- Qualifier
- leaching with NO 3 − by excessive rainfalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Much of the decrease in exchangeable Ca may be attributed to leaching with NO 3 − by excessive rainfall early in the season”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrification of ammonium appeared delayed at the 360 kg N rate.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 360 kg N ratee0
- Outcome
- nitrification of NH 4 +e0
- Direction
- delaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evidence indicated some delay of nitrification of NH 4 + in plots fertilized at the 360 kg N rate”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased leaf manganese without exceeding normal growth thresholds.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Mne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- not judged to be excessive for normal growthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization of tobacco increased concentrations of Mn in leaves, but levels were not judged to be excessive for normal growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen tended to lower plant calcium and magnesium at 40 days after transplanting.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Ca and Mge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at 40 days after transplantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A tendency existed for concentrations of Ca and Mg to be decreased by N at 40 days after transplanting”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium concentrations approached deficiency despite soil calcium above 1500 ppm.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- concentrations were near deficiency levels for Cae0
- Qualifier
- exchangeable soil Ca levels exceeded 1500 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentrations were near deficiency levels for Ca at this date, although exchangeable soil Ca levels exceeded 1500 ppm”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen significantly increased plant calcium and magnesium at 77 days and harvest.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant concentrations of Ca and Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at 77 days and at harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 77 days and at harvest, N fertilizer significantly increased plant concentrations of Ca and Mg”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen leaves had 20 to 50% of unfertilized leaf molybdenum.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- high Ne0
- Outcome
- Molybdenum concentrations in leavese0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 20 to 50%e0
- Comparator
- plots unfertilized with Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Molybdenum concentrations in leaves from high N plots were only 20 to 50% of those in plots unfertilized with N”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf molybdate in fertilized plots approached deficiency during most of the season.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- fertilized plotse0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of MoO 4 −2e0
- Qualifier
- for most of the growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of MoO 4 −2 in leaves from fertilized plots were near deficiency levels for most of the growing season”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf ion patterns suggested interactions among molybdate, manganese, calcium and magnesium.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- plante0
- Outcome
- interaction of MoO 4 −2 and Mn, and of Mn with Ca and Mge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data suggested interaction of MoO 4 −2 and Mn, and of Mn with Ca and Mg within the plant”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil measurements near transplanting related significantly to 40 day dry matter.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- dry matter at 40 dayse0
- Setting
- soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant relationships of soil measurements near transplanting and dry matter at 40 days”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant constituents related significantly to dry matter at all dates.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- plante0
- Outcome
- dry matter at all datese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant relationships of soil measurements near transplanting and dry matter at 40 days and of plant constituents and dry matter at all dates”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed early nitrogen related dry weight loss to fertilizer induced soil acidity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- depression of dry weighte0
- Qualifier
- fertilizer‐induced soil aciditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the depression of dry weight by N fertilizer noted previously during early growth was the direct or indirect result of fertilizer‐induced soil acidity”
t0“Tobacco”
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