Abstract
Most farming systems involving tilled crops require use of pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers in different combinations although most pesticides effects on soil N transformation are scantly documented. Studies were initiated to compare atrazine and simazine herbicides with two biological nitrification inhibitors (nitrapyrin and terrazole) for their effects on biological nitrification and corn (Zea mays L.) growth. In a laboratory study, inhibition of nitrification was less than 3% in a Tifton loamy sand incubated with 10 μg a.i g‐1 soil atrazine or simazine but was more than 10% in soil amended with nitrapyrin or terrazole, applied separately or in combinations with either herbicide at the same rate. Similar trends were observed with soil treated with different combinations of 2.5 μg a.i. g‐1 soil nitrapyrin or terrazole and 1.25 μg a.i. g‐1 soil atrazine or simazine and incubated with and without corn plants under greenhouse conditions. The combination of either herbicide with nitrapyrin or terrazole significantly reduced the corn dry weights with substantial accumulation of Kjeldahl N and NO3 ‐ in tissues of plants, probably due to a concentration effect. However, these chemical combinations, applied at the rate of 1.2 kg a.i. ha‐1 in conjunction with 35 kg ha‐1 N as (NH4)2SO4 in split banded applications (at planting and at the 6th leaf stage), showed a nonsignificant trend towards increased corn ear yields in two‐year field studies. Generally, when atrazine or simazine was part of the chemical treatment, its effects on nitrification, plant growth and total N contents outweighed or masked those of nitrapyrin or terrazole.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine or simazine inhibited nitrification by less than 3% in incubated Tifton loamy sand.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- 10 μg a.i g‐1 soil atrazine or simazinee0
- Outcome
- inhibition of nitrificatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- less than 3%e0
- Setting
- Tifton loamy sande0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibition of nitrification was less than 3% in a Tifton loamy sand incubated with 10 μg a.i g‐1 soil atrazine or simazine”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin or terrazole, alone or with either herbicide, inhibited nitrification by more than 10%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- nitrapyrin or terrazolee0
- Outcome
- inhibition of nitrificatione1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Value
- more than 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than 10% in soil amended with nitrapyrin or terrazole, applied separately or in combinations with either herbicide at the same rate”
e1“inhibition of nitrification”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Similar nitrification trends occurred in greenhouse soil with and without corn plants.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- Similar trendse0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar trends were observed with soil treated with different combinations of 2.5 μg a.i. g‐1 soil nitrapyrin or terrazole and 1.25 μg a.i. g‐1 soil atrazine or simazine and incubated with and without corn plants under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining either herbicide with nitrapyrin or terrazole significantly reduced corn dry weights.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- combination of either herbicide with nitrapyrin or terrazolee0
- Outcome
- corn dry weightse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of either herbicide with nitrapyrin or terrazole significantly reduced the corn dry weights”
Claim · model-written summary
These combinations produced substantial accumulation of Kjeldahl N and NO3 ‐ in corn tissue.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- these chemical combinationse0
- Outcome
- Kjeldahl N and NO3 ‐ in tissues of plantse1
- Direction
- accumulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these chemical combinations”
e1“substantial accumulation of Kjeldahl N and NO3 ‐ in tissues of plants”
e2“corn dry weights”
Claim · model-written summary
The combinations showed a nonsignificant trend toward increased corn ear yields in two-year field studies.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- these chemical combinations, applied at the rate of 1.2 kg a.i. ha‐1 in conjunction with 35 kg ha‐1 N as (NH4)2SO4e0
- Outcome
- corn ear yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- field studiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these chemical combinations, applied at the rate of 1.2 kg a.i. ha‐1 in conjunction with 35 kg ha‐1 N as (NH4)2SO4 in split banded applications (at planting and at the 6th leaf stage), showed a nonsignificant trend towards increased corn ear yields in two‐year field studies”
Claim · model-written summary
When included, atrazine or simazine masked the effects of nitrapyrin or terrazole on nitrification, plant growth and total N contents.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine or simazinee0
- Outcome
- effects on nitrification, plant growth and total N contentse0
- Direction
- outweighed or maskede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when atrazine or simazine was part of the chemical treatment, its effects on nitrification, plant growth and total N contents outweighed or masked those of nitrapyrin or terrazole”
t0“corn”
The same questions in other papers
nitrapyrin · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
etridiazole · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
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nitrapyrin · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
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atrazine · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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See all 143 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.