Abstract
Developing embryos of alfalfa can be placed into nine stages of development according to their morphological characteristics. The intact seeds do not germinate when removed from the pod and placed on water until at least stage VI, and complete germinability is not achieved until the seeds are at the stage when they start to undergo maturation desiccation. Isolated embryos are germinable as early as stage III, and will germinate within 24 h on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3% sucrose. Osmoticum can inhibit embryo germination, but only proper osmotic conditions can maintain development in vitro; development does not occur at germination-inhibiting concentrations of abscisic acid. The sensitivity to abscisic acid and osmoticum changes with stage of development. Early-stage embryos have the highest abscisic acid sensitivity and this declines to the extent that mature dry embryos require a high concentration (1·0 mol m−3) to prevent their germination. Sensitivity of the embryos to osmoticum is maximum at stage VII of development. The combined inhibitory effect of abscisic acid and osmoticum on germination during development is greater than their individual effects. This combined effect is stage-dependent. Thus studies on the effects of abscisic acid and osmoticum on embryogenesis and associated synthetic events should be expected to vary according to the sensitivity to these agents at different stages of development.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Developing alfalfa embryos were classified into nine morphological stages.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Organ / stage
- Developing embryose0
- Outcome
- nine stages of developmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Developing embryos of alfalfa can be placed into nine stages of development according to their morphological characteristics.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Intact seeds did not germinate on water before stage VI.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- intact seedse0
- Outcome
- do not germinatee0
- Qualifier
- until at least stage VIe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intact seeds do not germinate when removed from the pod and placed on water until at least stage VI”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete seed germinability was reached only with maturation desiccation.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- complete germinabilitye0
- Qualifier
- stage when they start to undergo maturation desiccatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“complete germinability is not achieved until the seeds are at the stage when they start to undergo maturation desiccation”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolated embryos germinated as early as stage III.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- Isolated embryose0
- Outcome
- germinablee0
- Qualifier
- stage IIIe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolated embryos are germinable as early as stage III”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolated embryos germinated within 24 hours on Murashige and Skoog medium with 3% sucrose.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3% sucrosee0
- Outcome
- germinatee0
- Value
- 24 he0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“will germinate within 24 h on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3% sucrose”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmoticum inhibited embryo germination.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Osmoticume0
- Outcome
- embryo germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Osmoticum can inhibit embryo germination”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Only suitable osmotic conditions maintained embryo development in vitro.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Qualifier
- proper osmotic conditionse0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only proper osmotic conditions can maintain development in vitro”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Development did not occur at abscisic acid concentrations that inhibited germination.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- germination-inhibiting concentrations of abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- developmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“development does not occur at germination-inhibiting concentrations of abscisic acid”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Early stage embryos had the highest abscisic acid sensitivity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- Early-stage embryose0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid sensitivitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early-stage embryos have the highest abscisic acid sensitivity”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid sensitivity declined with development.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- mature dry embryose0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid sensitivitye0
- Direction
- declinese0
- Value
- 1·0 mol m−3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early-stage embryos have the highest abscisic acid sensitivity and this declines to the extent that mature dry embryos require a high concentration (1·0 mol m−3) to prevent their germination”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmoticum sensitivity reached its maximum at stage VII.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- stage VII of developmente0
- Outcome
- Sensitivity of the embryos to osmoticume0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity of the embryos to osmoticum is maximum at stage VII of development.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined abscisic acid and osmoticum inhibited germination more than either alone.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- abscisic acid and osmoticume0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- their individual effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined inhibitory effect of abscisic acid and osmoticum on germination during development is greater than their individual effects.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined inhibition varied by developmental stage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- combined effecte0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This combined effect is stage-dependent.”
t0“alfalfa”
The same questions in other papers
processing · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.