Abstract
SUMMARY The influence of many individual factors on the uptake of sulfur dioxide by apricot, peach, and pear tissue before drying was tested in equipment designed to permit accurate control over sulfuring conditions. Exploratory trials showed that estimates of sulfur dioxide uptake were unreliable unless standardized sampling methods were used. Absorption rate was affected appreciably by type of fruit, surface area as influenced by size, and the use of irrigation, and less so by variety and maturity. Sulfur dioxide uptake through the skin was slow. Combinations of gas concentration and exposure time were the most important processing variables affecting absorption. Variation in air speed and temperature had little influence upon absorption. Holding cut fruits for up to 10 hr before sulfuring did not cause a decrease in gas uptake. Excess water on the fruit surface from spraying tended to decrease absorption, while steam‐blanching retarded it appreciably. Any disorganization of tissue, whether from increasing maturation, storage, or processing, retarded sulfur dioxide uptake, probably through sealing, of penetration pathways. The ready desorption of sulfur dioxide from tissue removed from the sulfuring environment indicated low chemical fixation at that stage.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Uptake estimates were unreliable without standardized sampling.
- Taxon
- apricot
Prunus armeniacat0 - Outcome
- estimates of sulfur dioxide uptakee0
- Comparator
- standardized sampling methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“estimates of sulfur dioxide uptake were unreliable unless standardized sampling methods were used”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit type, surface area and irrigation appreciably affected absorption rate.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- Absorption ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Absorption rate was affected appreciably by type of fruit, surface area as influenced by size, and the use of irrigation”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety and maturity had lesser effects on absorption rate.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- variety and maturitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and less so by variety and maturity”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur dioxide uptake through fruit skin was slow.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- Sulfur dioxide uptake through the skine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur dioxide uptake through the skin was slow”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Gas concentration and exposure time were the most important processing variables affecting absorption.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- absorptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combinations of gas concentration and exposure time were the most important processing variables affecting absorption”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Air speed and temperature had little effect on absorption.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- absorptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variation in air speed and temperature had little influence upon absorption”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Holding cut fruit up to 10 hours before sulfuring did not decrease uptake.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- Holding cut fruits for up to 10 hr before sulfuringe0
- Outcome
- gas uptakee0
- Direction
- did not cause a decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Holding cut fruits for up to 10 hr before sulfuring did not cause a decrease in gas uptake”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray water on the fruit surface tended to decrease absorption.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- sprayinge0
- Outcome
- absorptione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excess water on the fruit surface from spraying tended to decrease absorption”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Steam blanching appreciably retarded absorption.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- steam‐blanching retarded it appreciablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“steam‐blanching retarded it appreciably”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue disorganization from maturation, storage or processing retarded uptake.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- sulfur dioxide uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Any disorganization of tissue, whether from increasing maturation, storage, or processing, retarded sulfur dioxide uptake”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest uptake was retarded through sealing of penetration pathways.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- sealing, of penetration pathwayse0
- Qualifier
- sealing, of penetration pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“probably through sealing, of penetration pathways”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready desorption indicated low chemical fixation at that stage.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Outcome
- low chemical fixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ready desorption of sulfur dioxide from tissue removed from the sulfuring environment indicated low chemical fixation at that stage”
t0“apricot, peach, and pear tissue”