Abstract
The previous paper indicated that high nitrogen (N) application during the low temperature treatment caused a considerable decrease of the pod setting rate and the fertility per cent of ovules. In this paper, the unfavorable effects of high N application on low temperature treated soybeans was examined for clarifying of the relationship between the N supply conditions including level, time and period of application, and the stage of flower development with solution culture method. Flower developing plants were treated with low temperature at 15°C for 15 days and compared with the plants grown under the control condition at 24°C-day19°C-night. The flowers used in this experiment were restricted in the number per node and the time of blooming. Variance analysis of the pod setting rate, fertility per cent and the number of ovules per pod gave the significance of the interaction at the 1% level between N supply conditions and temperature conditions. N application under the 24°C/19°C condition obtained better grain yield compared with N free plot; on the contrary, N supply accompanied with the low temperature treatment showed a decreasing tendency of the pod setting rate and of the fertility per cent. The pod setting rate of the plants treated with low temperature was closed related to the time of N application. N application before or during the first five days in the low temperature treatment caused a signiftcant decrease in comparison to the N free condition and the later application showed the less damage. However no difference was observed betwen the level supplied at l00 ppm and 40 ppm N. The fertility per cent of the plants treated with low temperature was decreased by N application and, especially, all plants showed a considerable decrease in the pod setting rate which were accompanied with a significant decline. But the relation between time of N application and the degree of injury was not so clear as seen in the pod setting rate. Fertile grains which were supposed to be in a constant number of flowers per plant were calculated in each plot. N supply from before the low temperature treatment, till five days after the end of the treatment, resulted in a decrease in grain number, particularly, before the period of treatment and during the earlier period of N application, caused the greater decrease.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply and temperature interacted significantly for pod set, ovule fertility and ovules per pod.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- N supply conditionse0
- Outcome
- pod setting rate, fertility per cent and the number of ovules per pode0
- Value
- 1%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variance analysis of the pod setting rate, fertility per cent and the number of ovules per pod gave the significance of the interaction at the 1% level between N supply conditions and temperature conditions.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen improved grain yield at normal temperature relative to no nitrogen.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 24°C/19°C conditione0
- Comparator
- N free plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application under the 24°C/19°C condition obtained better grain yield compared with N free plot”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at low temperature tended to reduce pod setting rate.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- pod setting ratee0
- Direction
- decreasing tendencye0
- Comparator
- N free conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supply accompanied with the low temperature treatment showed a decreasing tendency of the pod setting rate”
e1“in comparison to the N free condition”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at low temperature tended to reduce ovule fertility.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- fertility per cente0
- Direction
- decreasing tendencye0
- Comparator
- N free conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supply accompanied with the low temperature treatment showed a decreasing tendency of the pod setting rate and of the fertility per cent.”
e1“in comparison to the N free condition”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod setting under low temperature was closely related to nitrogen application timing.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- time of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- pod setting ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pod setting rate of the plants treated with low temperature was closed related to the time of N application.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen before or during the first five low temperature days significantly reduced pod setting relative to no nitrogen.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N application before or during the first five dayse0
- Outcome
- pod setting ratee1
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- N free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application before or during the first five days in the low temperature treatment caused a signiftcant decrease in comparison to the N free condition”
e1“The pod setting rate of the plants treated with low temperature”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Later nitrogen application caused less pod setting damage.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- pod setting ratee1
- Direction
- less damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the later application showed the less damage.”
e1“The pod setting rate of the plants treated with low temperature”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod setting did not differ between 100 ppm and 40 ppm nitrogen.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- l00 ppme0
- Outcome
- pod setting ratee1
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- 40 ppm Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no difference was observed betwen the level supplied at l00 ppm and 40 ppm N.”
e1“The pod setting rate of the plants treated with low temperature”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application reduced ovule fertility under low temperature.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- fertility per cente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- N free conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fertility per cent of the plants treated with low temperature was decreased by N application”
e1“in comparison to the N free condition”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application from before cold exposure through five days after it reduced fertile grain number, especially with early application.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N supply from before the low temperature treatment, till five days after the end of the treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain numbere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- N free plote1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supply from before the low temperature treatment, till five days after the end of the treatment, resulted in a decrease in grain number, particularly, before the period of treatment and during the earlier period of N application, caused the greater decrease.”
e1“N free plot”
t0“soybeans”
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