Abstract
The effects of ryania, ryanodine and ryanodine-free-ryania (powdered wood) on the apparent photosynthesis of attached apple leaves have been determined by following the CO 2 exchange of the leaves with an infrared gas analyser.After one application, ryanodine decreased photosynthesis by 15 per cent but the photosynthesis had returned to normal within 7 days of treatment. Four applications of ryanodine at 10-day intervals caused no further decrease in photosynthesis than was obtained by a single application.Ryania and powdered wood progressively reduced photosynthesis with each of four applications at 10-day intervals, until photosynthesis was reduced 40 per cent.These results indicate that ryanodine has no marked chemical effect on apple leaves but heavy deposits of either ryania or powdered wood on the apple leaves either shade or interfere with the gas exchange of the leaves.The rates of photosynthesis of untreated apple leaves reached a maximum of 14.95 mg. CO 2 /dm. 2 × hr. when the leaves were 92 per cent of full leaf expansion but had decreased when the leaves were fully expanded and continued to decrease during senescence.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
One application of ryanodine decreased apple leaf photosynthesis by 15 per cent.
- Taxon
- McIntosh applet0
- Treatment
- ryanodinee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15 per cente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“After one application, ryanodine decreased photosynthesis by 15 per cent but the photosynthesis had returned to normal within 7 days of treatment”
t0“EFFECTS OF RYANIA AND RYANODINE ON THE APPARENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF McINTOSH APPLE LEAVES”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple leaf photosynthesis returned to normal within 7 days after a single ryanodine application.
- Taxon
- McIntosh applet0
- Treatment
- ryanodinee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- returned to normale0
- Qualifier
- within 7 days of treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“After one application, ryanodine decreased photosynthesis by 15 per cent but the photosynthesis had returned to normal within 7 days of treatment”
t0“EFFECTS OF RYANIA AND RYANODINE ON THE APPARENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF McINTOSH APPLE LEAVES”
Claim · model-written summary
Four ryanodine applications at 10-day intervals caused no further decrease in apple leaf photosynthesis than a single application.
Verbatim
e1“Four applications of ryanodine at 10-day intervals caused no further decrease in photosynthesis than was obtained by a single application”
t0“EFFECTS OF RYANIA AND RYANODINE ON THE APPARENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF McINTOSH APPLE LEAVES”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryania and powdered wood progressively reduced apple leaf photosynthesis, by 40 per cent after four applications.
- Taxon
- McIntosh applet0
- Treatment
- Ryania and powdered woode2
- Outcome
- photosynthesise2
- Direction
- progressively reducede2
- Value
- 40 per cente2
- Qualifier
- with each of four applications at 10-day intervalse2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“Ryania and powdered wood progressively reduced photosynthesis with each of four applications at 10-day intervals, until photosynthesis was reduced 40 per cent”
t0“EFFECTS OF RYANIA AND RYANODINE ON THE APPARENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF McINTOSH APPLE LEAVES”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryanodine has no marked chemical effect on apple leaves.
- Taxon
- apple leaves
Malus domesticae3 - Treatment
- ryanodinee3
- Outcome
- chemical effecte3
- Direction
- no markede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“These results indicate that ryanodine has no marked chemical effect on apple leaves but heavy deposits of either ryania or powdered wood on the apple leaves either shade or interfere with the gas exchange of the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy deposits of ryania or powdered wood on apple leaves shade the leaves or interfere with their gas exchange.
- Taxon
- apple leavesMalus domesticae3
- Outcome
- gas exchangee3
- Qualifier
- heavy deposits of either ryania or powdered woode3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“These results indicate that ryanodine has no marked chemical effect on apple leaves but heavy deposits of either ryania or powdered wood on the apple leaves either shade or interfere with the gas exchange of the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated apple leaves reached a maximum photosynthesis rate of 14.95 mg. CO 2 /dm. 2 × hr. at 92 per cent of full leaf expansion.
Verbatim
e4“The rates of photosynthesis of untreated apple leaves reached a maximum of 14.95 mg. CO 2 /dm. 2 × hr. when the leaves were 92 per cent of full leaf expansion”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis of untreated apple leaves had decreased after full expansion and continued to decrease during senescence.
Verbatim
e4“The rates of photosynthesis of untreated apple leaves reached a maximum of 14.95 mg. CO 2 /dm. 2 × hr. when the leaves were 92 per cent of full leaf expansion but had decreased when the leaves were fully expanded and continued to decrease during senescence”