Abstract
Abstract Plant responses to elevated CO2 are governed by temperature, and at low temperatures the beneficial effects of CO2 may be lost. To document the responses of winter cereals grown under cold conditions at northern latitudes, autumn growth of winter wheat exposed to ambient and elevated levels of temperature (+2.5°C), CO2 (+150 µmol mol−1), and shade (−30%) was studied in open-top chambers under low light and at low temperatures. Throughout the experiment, temperature dominated plant responses, while the effects of CO2 were marginal, except for a positive effect on root biomass. Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers, but also a lower content of total sugars and a weaker tolerance to frost. The loss of frost tolerance was related to the larger size of plants grown at elevated temperature. The 30% light reduction under shading did not affect the growth, sugar content, or frost tolerance of winter wheat. At the low temperatures found at high latitudes during autumn, the atmospheric CO2 increase is unlikely to enhance autumn growth of winter wheat to any significant extent, while a temperature increase may have important and major effects on its development and growth.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased root biomass.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- CO2e0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of CO2 were marginal, except for a positive effect on root biomass”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature increased leaf area, total biomass and root biomass.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increased temperaturee0
- Outcome
- leaf area, total biomass, total root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature increased stem biomass and tiller number.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increased temperaturee0
- Outcome
- total stem biomass, and number of tillerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature lowered total sugar content.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increased temperaturee1
- Outcome
- content of total sugarse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but also a lower content of total sugars”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature weakened frost tolerance.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increased temperaturee1
- Outcome
- tolerance to froste0
- Direction
- weakere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a weaker tolerance to frost”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers”
Claim · model-written summary
Frost-tolerance loss was related to larger plant size at elevated temperature.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- loss of frost tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- larger size of plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The loss of frost tolerance was related to the larger size of plants grown at elevated temperature.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty percent shade did not affect growth, sugar content or frost tolerance.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 30% light reduction under shadinge0
- Outcome
- growth, sugar content, or frost tolerancee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 30% light reduction under shading did not affect the growth, sugar content, or frost tolerance of winter wheat.”
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See all 145 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.