Abstract
Abstract Sod‐seeding establishment of small‐seeded legumes and grasses has great potential for increasing forage production on previously non‐tillable lands. However, consistently successful stand establishment has been difficult to achieve via sod‐seeding. Even when adequate stands are obtained, they often lack the vigor associated with conventional establishment. A delay between the spraying of a non‐selective chemical for sod control and seeding with a minimum‐till drill has been suggested to improve sod‐seeding stand establishment. We conducted two field experiments to determine the optimum time interval needed between spraying glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine] and sod‐seeding various grass and legume species with minimum‐till drills. The soils were classified as Cumulic Haploborolls and Ustic Tomfluvents in the first experiment and Udic Haploborolls and Typic Eutrochrepts in the second. A 14 day interval between spraying glyphosate and sodseeding alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), alsike clover ( Trifolium hybridum L.), and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with either the John Deere Powr‐till drill or the Melroe 701 No‐till drill was needed for adequate establishment at Laramie, Wyoming in 1978. In 1979, a 7 to 14 day spray‐plant interval was needed for adequate establishment of alfalfa, alsike clover, creeping meadow foxtail (Alopecurus mundinaceus Poir.), and meadow bromegrass ( Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) when seeding with the John Deere drill. When seeding with the Melroe drill in 1979, no differences among spray‐plant intervals were obtained for the same species. At Kalipell, Montana in 1978, a 28 day delay between spraying glyphosate and sod‐seeding alfalfa with the John Deere drill was needed for adequate establishment; whereas ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) required a 14 day interval between spraying and seeding. In 1979 at Kalispell, a 28 day spray‐plant interval was needed for adequate establishment of alfalfa. Ladino clover establiihment was very poor for all spray‐plant intervals. Inadequate legume establishment was associated with slug ( Agriolimax reticulatum Müller) predation. Spraying 28 days prior to seeding allowed sufficient time for grass desiccation. This permitted sunlight to penetrate the canopy which dried out the furrow thereby providing a less favorable slug environment.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
At Laramie in 1978, alfalfa required a 14 day glyphosate-to-seeding interval for adequate establishment with either drill.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- 14 day interval between spraying glyphosate and sodseedinge0
- Outcome
- adequate establishmente0
- Setting
- Laramie, Wyoming in 1978e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 14 day interval between spraying glyphosate and sodseeding alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), alsike clover ( Trifolium hybridum L.), and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with either the John Deere Powr‐till drill or the Melroe 701 No‐till drill was needed for adequate establishment at Laramie, Wyoming in 1978”
Claim · model-written summary
At Laramie in 1978, alsike clover required a 14 day interval for adequate establishment with either drill.
- Taxon
- alsike clovere0
- Treatment
- 14 day interval between spraying glyphosate and sodseedinge0
- Outcome
- adequate establishmente0
- Setting
- Laramie, Wyoming in 1978e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“A 14 day interval between spraying glyphosate and sodseeding alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), alsike clover ( Trifolium hybridum L.), and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with either the John Deere Powr‐till drill or the Melroe 701 No‐till drill was needed for adequate establishment at Laramie, Wyoming in 1978”
Claim · model-written summary
At Laramie in 1978, tall fescue required a 14 day interval for adequate establishment with either drill.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceume0 - Treatment
- 14 day interval between spraying glyphosate and sodseedinge0
- Outcome
- adequate establishmente0
- Setting
- Laramie, Wyoming in 1978e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 14 day interval between spraying glyphosate and sodseeding alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), alsike clover ( Trifolium hybridum L.), and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with either the John Deere Powr‐till drill or the Melroe 701 No‐till drill was needed for adequate establishment at Laramie, Wyoming in 1978”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1979 with the John Deere drill, alfalfa required a 7 to 14 day spray-to-plant interval for adequate establishment.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 7 to 14 day spray‐plant intervale0
- Outcome
- adequate establishmente0
- Setting
- In 1979e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1979, a 7 to 14 day spray‐plant interval was needed for adequate establishment of alfalfa, alsike clover, creeping meadow foxtail (Alopecurus mundinaceus Poir.), and meadow bromegrass ( Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) when seeding with the John Deere drill”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1979 with the John Deere drill, alsike clover required a 7 to 14 day spray-to-plant interval for adequate establishment.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“In 1979, a 7 to 14 day spray‐plant interval was needed for adequate establishment of alfalfa, alsike clover, creeping meadow foxtail (Alopecurus mundinaceus Poir.), and meadow bromegrass ( Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) when seeding with the John Deere drill”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1979 with the John Deere drill, creeping meadow foxtail required a 7 to 14 day spray-to-plant interval for adequate establishment.
- Taxon
- creeping meadow foxtaile0
- Treatment
- 7 to 14 day spray‐plant intervale0
- Outcome
- adequate establishmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“In 1979, a 7 to 14 day spray‐plant interval was needed for adequate establishment of alfalfa, alsike clover, creeping meadow foxtail (Alopecurus mundinaceus Poir.), and meadow bromegrass ( Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) when seeding with the John Deere drill”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1979 with the John Deere drill, meadow bromegrass required a 7 to 14 day spray-to-plant interval for adequate establishment.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“In 1979, a 7 to 14 day spray‐plant interval was needed for adequate establishment of alfalfa, alsike clover, creeping meadow foxtail (Alopecurus mundinaceus Poir.), and meadow bromegrass ( Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) when seeding with the John Deere drill”
Claim · model-written summary
With the Melroe drill in 1979, establishment did not differ among spray-to-plant intervals for the four species.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Outcome
- no differences among spray‐plant intervalse0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When seeding with the Melroe drill in 1979, no differences among spray‐plant intervals were obtained for the same species”
e1“alfalfa, alsike clover, creeping meadow foxtail (Alopecurus mundinaceus Poir.), and meadow bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At Kalipell in 1978, alfalfa needed a 28 day delay after spraying for adequate establishment with the John Deere drill.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 28 day delay between spraying glyphosate and sod‐seedinge0
- Outcome
- adequate establishmente0
- Setting
- Kalipell, Montana in 1978e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Kalipell, Montana in 1978, a 28 day delay between spraying glyphosate and sod‐seeding alfalfa with the John Deere drill was needed for adequate establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
At Kalipell in 1978, ladino clover needed a 14 day interval for adequate establishment.
- Taxon
- ladino clovere0
- Treatment
- 14 day interval between spraying and seedinge0
- Outcome
- required a 14 day intervale0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) required a 14 day interval between spraying and seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
At Kalispell in 1979, alfalfa needed a 28 day spray-to-plant interval for adequate establishment.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 28 day spray‐plant intervale0
- Outcome
- adequate establishmente0
- Setting
- Kalispelle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1979 at Kalispell, a 28 day spray‐plant interval was needed for adequate establishment of alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Ladino clover establishment was very poor across all spray-to-plant intervals.
Verbatim
e0“Ladino clover establiihment was very poor for all spray‐plant intervals”
Claim · model-written summary
Inadequate legume establishment was associated with slug predation.
- Taxon
- legumee0
- Interactor
- slug ( Agriolimax reticulatum Müller)e0pest
- Outcome
- Inadequate legume establishmente0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Inadequate legume establishment was associated with slug ( Agriolimax reticulatum Müller) predation”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying 28 days before seeding allowed grass desiccation.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Spraying 28 days prior to seeding allowed sufficient time for grass desiccation”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass desiccation enabled sunlight to dry furrows and made conditions less favorable for slugs.
Verbatim
e0“This permitted sunlight to penetrate the canopy which dried out the furrow thereby providing a less favorable slug environment”
e1“grass desiccation”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.