Abstract
Abstract The effects of acidity and aluminum (Al) on nodulation, nitrogen (N) fixation, and bean shoot and root growth were studied in solution and sand culture in greenhouse experiments to help explain the frequent failure of N 2 ‐dependent bean in acid soils. Aluminum concentrations were maintained in solution by keeping low levels of phosphorus (P) at pH 4.5. Concentrations of Al up to 83 µ M did not affect root dry weight, nodule growth, and nitrogenase activity of either bean cultivar tested. Low levels of Al (19 µ M ) increased taproot elongation but decreased total root length; at higher Al concentrations, the taproot also became stunted. Increasing CaCl 2 from 0.2 to 2 m M in solution suppressed Al toxicity. Shoot growth was significantly decreased by 19 µ M Al in P. vulgaris cv. Carioca but not in cv. Venezuela 350. Root colonization and/or infection by Rhizobium was reduced by Al concentrations >33 µ M but was less sensitive than total root elongation or shoot growth. Solution culture pH in the range 4.5 to 5.5 did not affect nodule growth and nitrogenase activity, but a decrease in pH from 5.5 to 5.0 decreased number of nodules formed per plant from 60 to 10, indicating that pH can be a major limiting factor of early nodulation with the cultivars and Rhizobium strains tested.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum up to 83 µ M did not affect root dry weight, nodule growth or nitrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Al up to 83 µ Me0
- Outcome
- root dry weight, nodule growth, and nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Al up to 83 µ M did not affect root dry weight, nodule growth, and nitrogenase activity of either bean cultivar tested”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Low aluminum increased taproot elongation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Low levels of Al (19 µ M ) increased taproot elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Low aluminum decreased total root length.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Al (19 µ M )e0
- Outcome
- total root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low levels of Al (19 µ M ) increased taproot elongation but decreased total root length”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher aluminum stunted the taproot.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- higher Al concentrationse0
- Outcome
- taproote0
- Direction
- stuntede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at higher Al concentrations, the taproot also became stunted”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium chloride suppressed aluminum toxicity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- CaCl 2 from 0.2 to 2 m Me0
- Outcome
- Al toxicitye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing CaCl 2 from 0.2 to 2 m M in solution suppressed Al toxicity”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum significantly reduced shoot growth in Carioca.
- Taxon
- P. vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- Cariocae0
- Treatment
- 19 µ M Ale0
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot growth was significantly decreased by 19 µ M Al in P. vulgaris cv. Carioca”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum did not significantly reduce shoot growth in Venezuela 350.
- Taxon
- P. vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- Venezuela 350e0
- Treatment
- 19 µ M Ale0
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot growth was significantly decreased by 19 µ M Al in P. vulgaris cv. Carioca but not in cv. Venezuela 350”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum above 33 µ M reduced Rhizobium root colonization or infection.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Al concentrations >33 µ Me0
- Outcome
- Root colonization and/or infection by Rhizobiume0
- Direction
- reducede0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root colonization and/or infection by Rhizobium was reduced by Al concentrations >33 µ M”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium root colonization or infection was less sensitive to aluminum than root elongation or shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- Root colonization and/or infection by Rhizobiume0
- Direction
- less sensitivee0
- Comparator
- total root elongation or shoot growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root colonization and/or infection by Rhizobium was reduced by Al concentrations >33 µ M but was less sensitive than total root elongation or shoot growth”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
pH 4.5 to 5.5 did not affect nodule growth or nitrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- pH in the range 4.5 to 5.5e0
- Outcome
- nodule growth and nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solution culture pH in the range 4.5 to 5.5 did not affect nodule growth and nitrogenase activity”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing pH from 5.5 to 5.0 cut nodules per plant from 60 to 10.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- pH from 5.5 to 5.0e0
- Outcome
- number of nodules formed per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- from 60 to 10e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in pH from 5.5 to 5.0 decreased number of nodules formed per plant from 60 to 10”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →ph · physiology: enzyme activity · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.