Abstract
Abstract Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.) have been intercropped with field pea [ Pisum sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir.] to increase forage yield and quality. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of two barley and two oat cultivars and seeding rates of cereal—pea intercrop on forage production, crude protein (CP) concentration, and N yield. A field experiment was conducted in 1993 and 1994 under dryland management in both fallowed and continuously cropped, no‐tillage environments. ‘Bowman’ and ‘Horsford’ barley, and ‘Dumont’ and ‘Magnum’ oat, were each sown at 93, 185, and 278 kernels m −2 with ‘Trapper’ pea at 40, 80, and 120 seeds m −2 , in all possible rate combinations. The cereal cultivars also were sown alone at 185 kernels m −2 . Cultivars developed for forage production (Horsford, Magnum) produced as much or more forage than cultivars developed for grain production (Bowman, Dumont) across sole‐crop and intercrop plots ( P ≤ 0.05). Forage yield was unaffected by intercropping when the cereal crop was sown at the sole‐crop or greater rate. Less forage was produced by intercrops when the cereal component was sown at half the sole‐crop rate. Forage yield was not affected by the pea seeding rate, but CP concentration increased with increasing seeding rate of pea in three of four environment‐years. Forage N yield was unaffected by intercropping. These data indicate that the cereal component in barley—pea and oat—pea mixtures should be sown at a sole‐crop or greater seeding rate for maximum forage production. Forage CP concentration can be increased as the relative proportion of pea seed to cereal kernels sown in a mixture is increased, but forage N yield may not be affected, since the cereal component contributes more to yield than the pea component.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Forage-type cultivars produced as much or more forage than grain-type cultivars across sole-crop and intercrop plots.
- Taxon
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.)
Avena sativa.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Material
- Horsford, Magnume2
- Treatment
- cultivars developed for forage productione2
- Outcome
- foragee2
- Direction
- as much or moree2
- Comparator
- cultivars developed for grain productione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.) have been intercropped with field pea”
e2“Cultivars developed for forage production (Horsford, Magnum) produced as much or more forage than cultivars developed for grain production (Bowman, Dumont)”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage yield was unaffected by intercropping.
- Taxon
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- intercroppinge3
- Outcome
- Forage yielde3
- Direction
- unaffectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.) have been intercropped with field pea”
e3“Forage yield was unaffected by intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercrops with the cereal sown at half the sole-crop rate produced less forage.
- Taxon
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- cereal component was sown at half the sole‐crop ratee4
- Outcome
- foragee4
- Direction
- Lesse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.) have been intercropped with field pea”
e4“Less forage was produced by intercrops when the cereal component was sown at half the sole‐crop rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea seeding rate did not affect forage yield of cereal-pea intercrops.
- Taxon
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- pea seeding ratee5
- Outcome
- Forage yielde5
- Direction
- not affectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.) have been intercropped with field pea”
e5“Forage yield was not affected by the pea seeding rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein concentration increased with pea seeding rate in three of four environments.
- Taxon
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- seeding rate of peae6
- Outcome
- CP concentratione6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- in three of four environmente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.) have been intercropped with field pea”
e6“CP concentration increased with increasing seeding rate of pea in three of four environment‐years”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping did not change forage N yield.
- Taxon
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- intercroppinge7
- Outcome
- Forage N yielde7
- Direction
- unaffectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.) have been intercropped with field pea”
e7“Forage N yield was unaffected by intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The cereal component should be sown at a sole-crop or greater seeding rate for maximum forage production.
- Taxon
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.)Avena sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- maximum forage productione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.) have been intercropped with field pea”
e7“for maximum forage production”
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