Abstract
Sowing date, sowing rate and row spacing effects were studied on high input crops at Griffith, N.S.W., between 1983 and 1985 using 25 bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and 3 triticales (X Triticosecale Wittmack). The aim was to identify improved management practices and genotypes through a better understanding of development and growth of irrigated wheat grown under high-yielding conditions. The genotypes were chosen to represent a wide range in genetic background, maturity and stature. Growing period durations were between 208 days and 100 days for early April and mid-August sowings, respectively, with differences in anthesis dates within sowing dates of up to 45 days. Genotypes were classified into six major maturity groups. There was no maturity type that could flower close to 1 October from a wide range of sowing dates since anthesis was delayed by 0.3 to 0.5 days per 1-day delay in sowing. Increased daylength sensitivity tended to delay anthesis relative to the timing of floral initiation and terminal spikelet formation. The end of tillering was generally associated with the attainment of 50-60% light interception rather than a given development stage of the inflorescence. Spike density was not closely related to maximum tiller number but depended on genotype, environment and plant density. Leaf appearance rate was influenced by environment and genotype, but was independent of spike development. For a given final leaf number, internode elongation started at a later leaf number for later sowing dates, resulting in reductions in both node number and height. Crop height decreased by up to 5 cm per 1-week delay in anthesis date. The period of full light interception decreased from 133 days to 43 days between April and August sowings, respectively. The timing of reproductive development determined the green area duration, but the initial development and size of the canopy was less affected by it, because of adjustments in number and type of tillers, and size and thickness of leaves. The development and maintenance of an adequate canopy was not restricted by earliness, shortness or low sowing rates (50 kg seed/ha) for April-July sowing dates.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Growing period durations of the wheat genotypes ranged from 208 days to 100 days across early April and mid-August sowings.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- early April and mid-August sowingse1
- Outcome
- Growing period durationse1
- Value
- 208 days and 100 dayse1
- Setting
- Griffith, N.S.W.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e1“Growing period durations were between 208 days and 100 days for early April and mid-August sowings, respectively”
e0“high input crops at Griffith, N.S.W., between 1983 and 1985”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthesis dates differed by up to 45 days within sowing dates of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- differences in anthesis datese2
- Value
- up to 45 dayse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e2“with differences in anthesis dates within sowing dates of up to 45 days”
Claim · model-written summary
The wheat genotypes were classified into six major maturity groups.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- maturity groupse3
- Value
- sixe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e3“Genotypes were classified into six major maturity groups”
Claim · model-written summary
No wheat maturity type could flower close to 1 October across a wide range of sowing dates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a wide range of sowing datese4
- Outcome
- flower close to 1 Octobere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e4“There was no maturity type that could flower close to 1 October from a wide range of sowing dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthesis of wheat was delayed by 0.3 to 0.5 days per 1-day delay in sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1-day delay in sowinge5
- Outcome
- anthesise5
- Direction
- delayede5
- Value
- 0.3 to 0.5 days per 1-day delaye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e5“anthesis was delayed by 0.3 to 0.5 days per 1-day delay in sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased daylength sensitivity tended to delay anthesis of wheat relative to floral initiation and terminal spikelet formation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increased daylength sensitivitye6
- Outcome
- anthesise6
- Direction
- delaye6
- Qualifier
- relative to the timing of floral initiation and terminal spikelet formatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e6“Increased daylength sensitivity tended to delay anthesis relative to the timing of floral initiation and terminal spikelet formation”
Claim · model-written summary
The end of tillering in wheat was generally associated with 50-60% light interception rather than a given development stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- end of tilleringe7
- Value
- 50-60%e7
- Comparator
- a given development stagee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e7“The end of tillering was generally associated with the attainment of 50-60% light interception rather than a given development stage of the inflorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike density of wheat was not closely related to maximum tiller number.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- genotype, environment and plant densitye1
- Outcome
- Spike densitye1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- maximum tiller numbere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e1“Spike density was not closely related to maximum tiller number but depended on genotype, environment and plant density”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf appearance rate of wheat was influenced by environment and genotype.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- environment and genotypee2
- Outcome
- Leaf appearance ratee2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e2“Leaf appearance rate was influenced by environment and genotype, but was independent of spike development”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf appearance rate of wheat was independent of spike development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Leaf appearance ratee2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Comparator
- spike developmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e2“Leaf appearance rate was influenced by environment and genotype, but was independent of spike development”
Claim · model-written summary
Internode elongation started at a later leaf number for later sowing dates of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- later sowing datese3
- Outcome
- internode elongatione3
- Direction
- latere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e3“For a given final leaf number, internode elongation started at a later leaf number for later sowing dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Later sowing dates of wheat reduced node number and height.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- later sowing datese3
- Outcome
- node number and heighte4
- Direction
- reductionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e3“For a given final leaf number, internode elongation started at a later leaf number for later sowing dates”
e4“resulting in reductions in both node number and height”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop height of wheat decreased by up to 5 cm per 1-week delay in anthesis date.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1-week delay in anthesis datee5
- Outcome
- Crop heighte5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- up to 5 cm per 1-week delay in anthesis datee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e5“Crop height decreased by up to 5 cm per 1-week delay in anthesis date”
Claim · model-written summary
The period of full light interception of wheat decreased from 133 days to 43 days between April and August sowings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- April and August sowingse6
- Outcome
- period of full light interceptione6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 133 days to 43 dayse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e6“The period of full light interception decreased from 133 days to 43 days between April and August sowings, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The timing of reproductive development determined the green area duration of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- timing of reproductive developmente7
- Outcome
- green area duratione7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e7“The timing of reproductive development determined the green area duration”
Claim · model-written summary
The initial development and size of the wheat canopy were less affected by the timing of reproductive development, through adjustments in tillers and leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- timing of reproductive developmente7
- Outcome
- initial development and size of the canopye1
- Direction
- less affectede1
- Qualifier
- because of adjustments in number and type of tillers, and size and thickness of leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e7“The timing of reproductive development determined the green area duration”
e1“but the initial development and size of the canopy was less affected by it, because of adjustments in number and type of tillers, and size and thickness of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
An adequate canopy of wheat was not restricted by earliness, shortness or low sowing rates for April-July sowing dates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low sowing rates (50 kg seed/ha)e2
- Outcome
- development and maintenance of an adequate canopye2
- Direction
- not restrictede2
- Setting
- April-July sowing datese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“high-yielding irrigated wheat”
e2“The development and maintenance of an adequate canopy was not restricted by earliness, shortness or low sowing rates (50 kg seed/ha) for April-July sowing dates”
The same questions in other papers
density · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.