Abstract
Nitrogen (N) supply and seed rate (SR) are two essential factors that affect the accumulation and partitioning of N and dry matter (DM) and, therefore, grain yield (GY) and N use efficiency (NUE). The objective of this experiment was to optimize N application and SR to regulate wheat growth and increase both GY and NUE. The results revealed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), chlorophyll content, and activities of metabolic enzymes (NR and GS) significantly increased with increasing of N levels while decreasing SR. Plant tillers, GY, DM before anthesis, and N translocation, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N recovery efficiency (NRE), and N uptake efficiency (NUPE) were highest in a combined treatment of N235 and SR180. However, N levels beyond 235 kg ha−1 significantly decreased NAE, NRE, and NUPE. By increasing SR from 135 to 180 kg ha−1 an increase of 12.9 % and 9.1% GY and NUPE, respectively, was observed. Based on this result, we estimate that 1 kg N ha−1 might be replaced by an increase of approximately 0.6 kg ha−1 SR. Our study suggested that using a combination of N and SR (N235 + SR180) could attain maximum GY and improve NUE parameters.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll increased with higher nitrogen and lower seed rate.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increasing of N levels while decreasing SRe0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), chlorophyll content, and activities of metabolic enzymes (NR and GS) significantly increased with increasing of N levels while decreasing SR.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NR and GS activities increased with higher nitrogen and lower seed rate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing of N levels while decreasing SRe0
- Outcome
- activities of metabolic enzymes (NR and GS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), chlorophyll content, and activities of metabolic enzymes (NR and GS) significantly increased with increasing of N levels while decreasing SR.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant tillers, grain yield and pre-anthesis dry matter were highest at N235 plus SR180.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatment of N235 and SR180e0
- Outcome
- Plant tillers, GY, DM before anthesise0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant tillers, GY, DM before anthesis, and N translocation, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N recovery efficiency (NRE), and N uptake efficiency (NUPE) were highest in a combined treatment of N235 and SR180.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N translocation and N agronomic and recovery efficiencies were highest at N235 plus SR180.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatment of N235 and SR180e0
- Outcome
- N translocation, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N recovery efficiency (NRE)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant tillers, GY, DM before anthesis, and N translocation, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N recovery efficiency (NRE), and N uptake efficiency (NUPE) were highest in a combined treatment of N235 and SR180.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N uptake efficiency was highest at N235 plus SR180.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatment of N235 and SR180e0
- Outcome
- N uptake efficiency (NUPE)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant tillers, GY, DM before anthesis, and N translocation, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N recovery efficiency (NRE), and N uptake efficiency (NUPE) were highest in a combined treatment of N235 and SR180.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen above 235 kg ha−1 decreased N agronomic, recovery and uptake efficiencies.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N levels beyond 235 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- NAE, NRE, and NUPEe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, N levels beyond 235 kg ha−1 significantly decreased NAE, NRE, and NUPE.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising seed rate from 135 to 180 kg ha−1 increased grain yield by 12.9 %.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing SR from 135 to 180 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- GYe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 12.9 %e0
- Comparator
- 135e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By increasing SR from 135 to 180 kg ha−1 an increase of 12.9 % and 9.1% GY and NUPE, respectively, was observed.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising seed rate from 135 to 180 kg ha−1 increased nitrogen uptake efficiency by 9.1%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing SR from 135 to 180 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- NUPEe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9.1%e0
- Comparator
- 135e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By increasing SR from 135 to 180 kg ha−1 an increase of 12.9 % and 9.1% GY and NUPE, respectively, was observed.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors estimate that raising seed rate by about 0.6 kg ha−1 could replace 1 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- 1 kg N ha−1 might be replaced by an increase of approximately 0.6 kg ha−1 SRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on this result, we estimate that 1 kg N ha−1 might be replaced by an increase of approximately 0.6 kg ha−1 SR.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend N235 plus SR180 to maximize grain yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- using a combination of N and SR (N235 + SR180) could attain maximum GY and improve NUE parameterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study suggested that using a combination of N and SR (N235 + SR180) could attain maximum GY and improve NUE parameters.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
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