Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the expression and activity of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.7.1.1), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.7.2.2), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT, EC 1.4.7.1) in response to potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate in nitrogen-starved wheat seedlings. Plants were grown in standard nutrient solution for 17 days and then subjected to nitrogen starvation for 7 days. The starved plants were supplied with potassium nitrate ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride (50 mM) for 4 days and the leaves were harvested. The relative expression of NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT as well as the enzyme activities were investigated. Nitrogen starvation caused a significant decrease both in transcript levels and in NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activities. Potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate treatments restored NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT expressions and activities. Ammonium chloride increased only the expressions and activities of GS and GOGAT in a dose-dependent manner. The results of our study highlight the differential effects between the type and the amount of nitrogen salts on NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activities in wheat seedlings while potassium nitrate being more effective.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen starvation significantly decreased NR, NiR, GS and GOGAT transcript levels.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen starvatione0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen starvation caused a significant decrease both in transcript levels and in NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activities.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen starvation significantly decreased NR, NiR, GS and GOGAT activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen starvatione0
- Outcome
- NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen starvation caused a significant decrease both in transcript levels and in NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activities.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate restored NR, NiR, GS and GOGAT expression and activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Potassium nitratee0
- Outcome
- NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT expressions and activitiese0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate treatments restored NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT expressions and activities.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate restored NR, NiR, GS and GOGAT expression and activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitratee0
- Outcome
- NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT expressions and activitiese0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate treatments restored NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT expressions and activities.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium chloride increased GS and GOGAT expression and activity with dose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ammonium chloridee0
- Outcome
- expressions and activities of GS and GOGATe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- dose-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium chloride increased only the expressions and activities of GS and GOGAT in a dose-dependent manner.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate was the most effective nitrogen salt for the measured enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- potassium nitratee0
- Outcome
- NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activitiese0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the differential effects between the type and the amount of nitrogen salts on NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activities in wheat seedlings while potassium nitrate being more effective.”
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