Abstract
The purpose of the work was to assess the combined effect of drought and salinity (50, 100, 200 mМ NaCl) on the meso- and ultrastructure of mesophyll cells of wheat seedlings. Stress development was estimated by a decrease in the relative water content (RWC) and CO2-dependent O2 evolution (An) in leaves. The decrease in the RWC and in An occurred rapidly in the absence of salt in the substrate and slowly in the presence of salt, especially at a treatment of 100 mM NaCl. The resumption of watering led to the recovery of the both parameters in all variants except one with 200 mM NaCl. Structural studies showed that a weak drought stress (RWC 60%) without salinity led to the destruction of cell membranes and hyaloplasm, which did not occur in all salt treatments. By contrast, the ultrastructure of nuclei in weak drought without salinity remained unchanged, whereas in all salt treatments chromatin changed substantially. Heterochromatin underwent a strong condensation followed by the fusion into a united mass with the simultaneous loss of electron density. A strong water stress (RWC 40%) in all variants led to cell destruction and the hydrolysis of cell compounds. Under the drought without salinity, vacuoles disappeared, whereas in salt-treated samples they were retained and filled with organelles being at different degrees of degradation. Cell nuclei under strong drought stress lost their rounded shape, nuclear envelopes were destroyed, and at the end only a finely dispersed substance remained. Thus, under the combined action of drought and salt, there is some critical level of salt concentration in substrate above which the effect of NaCl changes to the adverse, which enhances the action of drought. Among structural components of mesophyll cells, the most sensitive parts to NaCl are nuclei and their chromatin.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased leaf relative water content and CO2-dependent oxygen evolution rapidly without salt and slowly with salt.
- Taxon
- Wheat Seedlings
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- presence of salte0
- Outcome
- RWC and in Ane0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- especially at a treatment of 100 mM NaCle0
- Comparator
- absence of salte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease in the RWC and in An occurred rapidly in the absence of salt in the substrate and slowly in the presence of salt, especially at a treatment of 100 mM NaCl.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Rewatering restored both water content and oxygen evolution except with 200 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Wheat SeedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- resumption of wateringe0
- Outcome
- recovery of the both parameterse0
- Direction
- recoverye0
- Qualifier
- except one with 200 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The resumption of watering led to the recovery of the both parameters in all variants except one with 200 mM NaCl.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Weak drought without salt destroyed mesophyll membranes and hyaloplasm, while salt treatments did not.
- Taxon
- Wheat SeedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- weak drought stress (RWC 60%) without salinitye0
- Outcome
- destruction of cell membranes and hyaloplasme0
- Comparator
- salt treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a weak drought stress (RWC 60%) without salinity led to the destruction of cell membranes and hyaloplasm, which did not occur in all salt treatments.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Under weak drought, nuclei remained unchanged without salt but chromatin changed substantially in all salt treatments.
- Taxon
- Wheat SeedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chromatin changed substantiallye0
- Comparator
- weak drought without salinitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ultrastructure of nuclei in weak drought without salinity remained unchanged, whereas in all salt treatments chromatin changed substantially.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterochromatin condensed and fused, losing electron density under salt treatments.
- Taxon
- Wheat SeedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- strong condensation followed by the fusion into a united mass with the simultaneous loss of electron densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heterochromatin underwent a strong condensation followed by the fusion into a united mass with the simultaneous loss of electron density.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong water stress caused cell destruction and hydrolysis in all variants.
- Taxon
- Wheat SeedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- strong water stress (RWC 40%)e0
- Outcome
- cell destruction and the hydrolysis of cell compoundse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A strong water stress (RWC 40%) in all variants led to cell destruction and the hydrolysis of cell compounds.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, vacuoles disappeared without salt but persisted with salt and contained degraded organelles.
- Taxon
- Wheat SeedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt-treatede0
- Outcome
- vacuoles disappearede0
- Comparator
- drought without salinitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the drought without salinity, vacuoles disappeared, whereas in salt-treated samples they were retained and filled with organelles being at different degrees of degradation.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe drought, nuclei lost their round shape, envelopes were destroyed and finely dispersed substance remained.
- Taxon
- Wheat SeedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- nuclei under strong drought stress lost their rounded shape, nuclear envelopes were destroyed, and at the end only a finely dispersed substance remainede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell nuclei under strong drought stress lost their rounded shape, nuclear envelopes were destroyed, and at the end only a finely dispersed substance remained.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred a critical substrate salt concentration above which NaCl exacerbates drought.
- Taxon
- Wheat SeedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- effect of NaCl changes to the adversee0
- Qualifier
- critical level of salt concentration in substratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is some critical level of salt concentration in substrate above which the effect of NaCl changes to the adverse, which enhances the action of drought.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesophyll nuclei and chromatin were judged the most NaCl-sensitive components.
- Taxon
- Wheat SeedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- most sensitive parts to NaCl are nuclei and their chromatine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most sensitive parts to NaCl are nuclei and their chromatin.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
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