Abstract
The yields of winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoes in a long-term field experiment on one of the international IOSDV network sites, were evaluated. The experiment was set up in 1983 in Lukavec, Czech Republic, within a potato growing region on a sandy-loam soil. The experiment includes three systems of organic fertilization: Without manure; manure added for the potatoes; and cereal straw ploughed-down, in combination with increasing nitrogen (N) rates from 0–160 kg N ha−1 or 0–200 kg N ha−1, for cereals and potatoes, respectively. The results of two rotations, during the years 2002–2007, were analyzed. Nitrogen rates had a strong effect on the yields of all crops (p < 0.001). The highest average yields of the cereals 7.2–7.4 t ha−1 (wheat), and 5.2–5.5 t ha−1 (barley) were attained with nitrogen rates of 120 or 160 kg ha−1. With potatoes the highest yields of 46–54 t ha−1 were observed with 150 or 200 kg N ha−1. The yield differences between the two highest N levels were small and not significant. Organic fertilizers had a positive impact on the yields of all crops (p < 0.001), with increasing N rates the effect diminished. Manure and straw yield effects for the most part can be attributed to the nitrogen in the manure and the extra N added for better decomposition of the straw. The strong effects of the year conditions upon the yields of all crops (p < 0.001) were moderated by the N level. The coefficient of variability decreased with increasing N levels from 37–22% (wheat), from 33–16% (barley), and from 32–20% (potatoes).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate strongly affected winter wheat yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen rates had a strong effect on the yields of all crops (p < 0.001).”
t0“The yields of winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate strongly affected winter barley yield.
- Taxon
- winter barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen rates had a strong effect on the yields of all crops (p < 0.001).”
t0“The yields of winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate strongly affected potato yield.
- Taxon
- potatoes
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen rates had a strong effect on the yields of all crops (p < 0.001).”
t0“The yields of winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yielded 7.2–7.4 t ha−1 at the highest yielding nitrogen rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen rates of 120 or 160 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.2–7.4 t ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest average yields of the cereals 7.2–7.4 t ha−1 (wheat), and 5.2–5.5 t ha−1 (barley) were attained with nitrogen rates of 120 or 160 kg ha−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley yielded 5.2–5.5 t ha−1 at the highest yielding nitrogen rates.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- nitrogen rates of 120 or 160 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.2–5.5 t ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest average yields of the cereals 7.2–7.4 t ha−1 (wheat), and 5.2–5.5 t ha−1 (barley) were attained with nitrogen rates of 120 or 160 kg ha−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potatoes yielded a maximum 46–54 t ha−1 at 150 or 200 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- 150 or 200 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 46–54 t ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With potatoes the highest yields of 46–54 t ha−1 were observed with 150 or 200 kg N ha−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield differences between the two highest nitrogen levels were small and nonsignificant.
- Taxon
- winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoesSolanum tuberosumHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two highest N levelse0
- Outcome
- yield differencese0
- Direction
- smalle0
- Qualifier
- not significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield differences between the two highest N levels were small and not significant.”
t0“The yields of winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers increased yields across the crops.
- Taxon
- winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoesSolanum tuberosumHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- positive impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic fertilizers had a positive impact on the yields of all crops (p < 0.001), with increasing N rates the effect diminished.”
t0“The yields of winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield benefit of organic fertilizers diminished as nitrogen rate rose.
- Taxon
- winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoesSolanum tuberosumHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing N ratese0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic fertilizers had a positive impact on the yields of all crops (p < 0.001), with increasing N rates the effect diminished.”
t0“The yields of winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual conditions strongly affected yields, with nitrogen level moderating the effect.
- Taxon
- winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoesSolanum tuberosumHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N levele0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Setting
- year conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strong effects of the year conditions upon the yields of all crops (p < 0.001) were moderated by the N level.”
t0“The yields of winter wheat, winter barley, and potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield variability declined from 37 to 22% as nitrogen rose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing N levelse0
- Outcome
- coefficient of variabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 37–22%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coefficient of variability decreased with increasing N levels from 37–22% (wheat), from 33–16% (barley), and from 32–20% (potatoes).”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley yield variability declined from 33 to 16% as nitrogen rose.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- increasing N levelse0
- Outcome
- coefficient of variabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 33–16%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coefficient of variability decreased with increasing N levels from 37–22% (wheat), from 33–16% (barley), and from 32–20% (potatoes).”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato yield variability declined from 32 to 20% as nitrogen rose.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- increasing N levelse0
- Outcome
- coefficient of variabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 32–20%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coefficient of variability decreased with increasing N levels from 37–22% (wheat), from 33–16% (barley), and from 32–20% (potatoes).”
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