Abstract
Abstract Manganese deficiencies are a serious problem in crop production on some high pH soils of the lake bed regions of Michigan and Ohio. It has been observed that some fertilizers banded near the seed increase Mn availability. Several factors have been suggested to be responsible for this increased availability. A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The incubation study showed that fertilizer sources which produce an acidic reaction initially increase the level of DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta‐acetic acid) and 0.1 N H 3 PO 4 extractable Mn in the soil contiguous to the fertilizer band. After seven weeks of incubation, H 3 PO 4 extractable Mn levels were not significantly different for the various fertilizer treatments. The level of Mn extracted with DTPA after seven weeks for the fertilizer sources was: DAP‐Urea‐KCl > control = MAP‐Urea‐KCl > NH 4 NO 3 ‐MCP‐KCl = (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ‐MCP‐KCl, where DAP = diammonium phosphate, MAP = monoammonium phosphate and MCP = monocalcium phosphate. The greenhouse study was conducted on a Tappan loam (Typic Haplaquepts) and consisted of a 2 4 factorial set of treatments with N sources of urea and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ; N and P (MCP) placements of mixed and banded; and Mn levels of banded Mn and no Mn. Banded MCP proved to be as effective as banded Mn in increasing Mn availability (extractable and plant uptake). Banded Mn along with banded MCP proved to be much superior to either factor alone. Nitrogen source and placement had small and variable affects on Mn availability and were largely masked by the Mn and P placement treatments. Field studies were conducted on seven soil types to test the effect of fertilizer and Mn sources and showed the following order of tissue Mn: MnSO 4 = MnO (100 mesh) > oxysulfate (partially acidulated MnO) = Mn‐EDTA = control. Tissue samples taken within five weeks of planting had higher Mn concentration for a NH 4 NO 3 ‐MCP‐KCl (acidic) fertilizer than for the urea‐DAP‐KCl (basic) fertilizer. However, when oxidation of the NH 4 ‐N in the basic fertilizer was more complete, the difference diminished. The results suggest that when Mn deficiencies occur early in the growing season, use of an acidic fertilizer in combination with MnSO 4 or finely divided MnO would be helpful in elimination of the problem.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer sources producing an acidic reaction initially increased DTPA-extractable Mn in the soil band.
- Taxon
- sugarbeets
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1 - Treatment
- fertilizer sources which produce an acidic reactione2
- Outcome
- level of DTPAe2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Setting
- laboratory incubatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“The incubation study showed that fertilizer sources which produce an acidic reaction initially increase the level of DTPA”
Claim · model-written summary
After seven weeks, H3PO4-extractable Mn levels did not differ significantly among fertilizer treatments.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- fertilizer treatmentse3
- Outcome
- extractable Mn levelse3
- Direction
- not significantly differente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e3“After seven weeks of incubation, H 3 PO 4 extractable Mn levels were not significantly different for the various fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
DAP-Urea-KCl gave the highest DTPA-extractable Mn after seven weeks among the fertilizer sources, above control.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- fertilizer sourcese4
- Outcome
- level of Mn extracted with DTPAe4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e4“The level of Mn extracted with DTPA after seven weeks for the fertilizer sources was: DAP‐Urea‐KCl > control = MAP‐Urea‐KCl > NH 4 NO 3 ‐MCP‐KCl = (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ‐MCP‐KCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Banded MCP was as effective as banded Mn in increasing Mn availability, extractable and to plant uptake.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Banded MCPe5
- Outcome
- Mn availabilitye5
- Direction
- increasinge5
- Comparator
- banded Mne5
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e5“Banded MCP proved to be as effective as banded Mn in increasing Mn availability (extractable and plant uptake). Banded Mn along with banded MCP proved to be much superior to either factor alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Banded Mn along with banded MCP was much superior to either factor alone in Mn availability.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Banded Mn along with banded MCPe5
- Outcome
- Mn availabilitye5
- Direction
- superiore5
- Comparator
- either factor alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e5“Banded MCP proved to be as effective as banded Mn in increasing Mn availability (extractable and plant uptake). Banded Mn along with banded MCP proved to be much superior to either factor alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen source and placement had small and variable effects on Mn availability.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen source and placemente6
- Outcome
- Mn availabilitye6
- Direction
- small and variablee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e6“Nitrogen source and placement had small and variable affects on Mn availability and were largely masked by the Mn and P placement treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
MnSO4 gave higher tissue Mn than the control in field studies on seven soil types.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- MnSO 4e7
- Outcome
- tissue Mne7
- Direction
- higherinferrede7
- Comparator
- controle7
- Setting
- seven soil typese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e7“Field studies were conducted on seven soil types to test the effect of fertilizer and Mn sources and showed the following order of tissue Mn: MnSO 4 = MnO (100 mesh) > oxysulfate (partially acidulated MnO) = Mn‐EDTA = control.”
Claim · model-written summary
MnO (100 mesh) gave higher tissue Mn than the control in field studies on seven soil types.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- MnO (100 mesh)e7
- Outcome
- tissue Mne7
- Direction
- higherinferrede7
- Comparator
- controle7
- Setting
- seven soil typese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e7“Field studies were conducted on seven soil types to test the effect of fertilizer and Mn sources and showed the following order of tissue Mn: MnSO 4 = MnO (100 mesh) > oxysulfate (partially acidulated MnO) = Mn‐EDTA = control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxysulfate (partially acidulated MnO) did not differ from the control in tissue Mn.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- oxysulfate (partially acidulated MnO)e7
- Outcome
- tissue Mne7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Comparator
- controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e7“Field studies were conducted on seven soil types to test the effect of fertilizer and Mn sources and showed the following order of tissue Mn: MnSO 4 = MnO (100 mesh) > oxysulfate (partially acidulated MnO) = Mn‐EDTA = control.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA-chelated Mn did not differ from the control in tissue Mn.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- EDTAe7
- Outcome
- tissue Mne7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Comparator
- controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e7“Field studies were conducted on seven soil types to test the effect of fertilizer and Mn sources and showed the following order of tissue Mn: MnSO 4 = MnO (100 mesh) > oxysulfate (partially acidulated MnO) = Mn‐EDTA = control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue samples taken within five weeks of planting had higher Mn concentration with the acidic NH4NO3-MCP-KCl fertilizer than with the basic urea-DAP-KCl fertilizer.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- Tissue samplese2
- Treatment
- NH 4 NO 3 ‐MCP‐KCl (acidic) fertilizere2
- Outcome
- Mn concentratione2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- urea‐DAP‐KCl (basic) fertilizere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“Tissue samples taken within five weeks of planting had higher Mn concentration for a NH 4 NO 3 ‐MCP‐KCl (acidic) fertilizer than for the urea‐DAP‐KCl (basic) fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
The difference in tissue Mn between acidic and basic fertilizer diminished when oxidation of the basic fertilizer was more complete.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Outcome
- the differencee2
- Direction
- diminishede2
- Qualifier
- more completee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“However, when oxidation of the NH 4 ‐N in the basic fertilizer was more complete, the difference diminished.”
Claim · model-written summary
Use of an acidic fertilizer with MnSO4 or finely divided MnO would help eliminate early-season Mn deficiency.
- Taxon
- sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Outcome
- use of an acidic fertilizer in combination with MnSO 4 or finely divided MnOe2
- Qualifier
- when Mn deficiencies occur early in the growing seasone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of laboratory incubation, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to evaluate fertilizer reaction and Mn sources on availability of Mn to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.), soybeans ( Glycine max L.) and navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e2“The results suggest that when Mn deficiencies occur early in the growing season, use of an acidic fertilizer in combination with MnSO 4 or finely divided MnO would be helpful in elimination of the problem.”
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