Abstract
Foliar applications of neem oil and fish emulsion, derived from neem seed and menhaden fish, respectively, were tested for their ability to reduce bacterial spot of tomato and bell pepper under both greenhouse and field conditions. Greenhouse-grown tomato and pepper plants sprayed with aqueous suspensions (0.5%, v/v) of neem oil or fish emulsion and then inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria showed less disease symptoms than the water-treated controls. Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study. The disease incidence on the fruit of these plants was reduced but the effect was not always statistically significant. However, the number of lesions per pepper fruit were consistently lower with these treatments. Fish emulsion increased healthy and total fruit yield of tomatoes in 2000 and healthy fruit yield of peppers in 2001, whereas neem oil increased the yield of disease-free peppers in both years. Neem oil and fish emulsion had no observable phytotoxic effect on tomato or pepper foliage in the field. These results suggest that disease-management programs for bacterial spot may be enhanced by including foliar sprays of these products.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
neem oil reduced greenhouse tomato disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- neem oile0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
_(25868012152).jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonas campestrise0pathogen - Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- water-treated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(25868012152).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse-grown tomato and pepper plants sprayed with aqueous suspensions (0.5%, v/v) of neem oil or fish emulsion and then inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria showed less disease symptoms than the water-treated controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
fish emulsion reduced greenhouse tomato disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- fish emulsione0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoriaXanthomonas campestrise0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- water-treated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse-grown tomato and pepper plants sprayed with aqueous suspensions (0.5%, v/v) of neem oil or fish emulsion and then inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria showed less disease symptoms than the water-treated controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
neem oil reduced greenhouse pepper disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- neem oile0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoriaXanthomonas campestrise0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- water-treated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse-grown tomato and pepper plants sprayed with aqueous suspensions (0.5%, v/v) of neem oil or fish emulsion and then inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria showed less disease symptoms than the water-treated controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
fish emulsion reduced greenhouse pepper disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- fish emulsione0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoriaXanthomonas campestrise0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- water-treated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse-grown tomato and pepper plants sprayed with aqueous suspensions (0.5%, v/v) of neem oil or fish emulsion and then inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria showed less disease symptoms than the water-treated controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
neem oil reduced field tomato foliage disease severity in both years.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- neem oile0
- Outcome
- disease severity on the foliagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- field-growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
fish emulsion reduced field tomato foliage disease severity in both years.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- fish emulsione0
- Outcome
- disease severity on the foliagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- field-growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
neem oil reduced field pepper foliage disease severity in both years.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- neem oile0
- Outcome
- disease severity on the foliagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- field-growne0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
fish emulsion reduced field pepper foliage disease severity in both years.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- fish emulsione0
- Outcome
- disease severity on the foliagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- field-growne0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
neem oil reduced fruit disease incidence on tomato, with variable significance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- neem oile1
- Outcome
- disease incidence on the fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- not always statistically significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The disease incidence on the fruit of these plants was reduced but the effect was not always statistically significant.”
e1“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
fish emulsion reduced fruit disease incidence on tomato, with variable significance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- fish emulsione1
- Outcome
- disease incidence on the fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- not always statistically significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The disease incidence on the fruit of these plants was reduced but the effect was not always statistically significant.”
e1“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
neem oil reduced fruit disease incidence on pepper, with variable significance.
- Taxon
- peppere1
- Treatment
- neem oile1
- Outcome
- disease incidence on the fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- not always statistically significante0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The disease incidence on the fruit of these plants was reduced but the effect was not always statistically significant.”
e1“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
fish emulsion reduced fruit disease incidence on pepper, with variable significance.
- Taxon
- peppere1
- Treatment
- fish emulsione1
- Outcome
- disease incidence on the fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- not always statistically significante0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The disease incidence on the fruit of these plants was reduced but the effect was not always statistically significant.”
e1“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
neem oil lowered lesions per pepper fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, the number of lesions per pepper fruit were consistently lower with these treatments.”
e1“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
fish emulsion lowered lesions per pepper fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, the number of lesions per pepper fruit were consistently lower with these treatments.”
e1“Weekly foliar sprays of neem oil and fish emulsion reduced disease severity on the foliage of inoculated field-grown tomato and pepper plants in both years of a two-year study.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fish emulsion increased tomatoes healthy and total fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Fish emulsione0
- Outcome
- healthy and total fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2000e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fish emulsion increased healthy and total fruit yield of tomatoes in 2000 and healthy fruit yield of peppers in 2001, whereas neem oil increased the yield of disease-free peppers in both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fish emulsion increased peppers healthy fruit yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fish emulsion increased healthy and total fruit yield of tomatoes in 2000 and healthy fruit yield of peppers in 2001, whereas neem oil increased the yield of disease-free peppers in both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
neem oil increased peppers yield of disease-free peppers.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fish emulsion increased healthy and total fruit yield of tomatoes in 2000 and healthy fruit yield of peppers in 2001, whereas neem oil increased the yield of disease-free peppers in both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither product showed observable phytotoxicity on tomato foliage.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Neem oil and fish emulsione0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effecte0
- Direction
- no observablee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem oil and fish emulsion had no observable phytotoxic effect on tomato or pepper foliage in the field.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither product showed observable phytotoxicity on pepper foliage.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- Neem oil and fish emulsione0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effecte0
- Direction
- no observablee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Neem oil and fish emulsion had no observable phytotoxic effect on tomato or pepper foliage in the field.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest foliar sprays for bacterial spot management.
- Taxon
- tomatoes and peppers
CapsicumSolanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- including foliar sprays of these productse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease-management programs for bacterial spot may be enhanced by including foliar sprays of these products”
t0“tomatoes and peppers”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.