Abstract
Remobilization and transfer of the stored food in vegetative tissues to the grains in monocarpic plants require the initiation of whole plant senescence. However, mechanisms by which plant senescence promotes remobilization of assimilates are rather obscure. This study examined the relationship between the senescence induced by water deficits and C remobilization during grain filling. Two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), Marvdasht and Zagros (sensitive and tolerant to terminal season drought, respectively) grown at a day: night temperature of 22:15°C from anthesis were held as well watered controls (Field Capacity), or subject to water deficit (50% FC) imposed either from anthesis to 14 days later (WS1) or from 14 days after anthesis to maturity (WS2). Relative water content, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, soluble proteins of flag leaves, level of hexose sugars, sucrose and fructans in the peduncle (enclosed by the flag leaf sheath) and the penultimate internode and grain yield assessed. Results showed that water deficits enhanced the senescence by accelerating loss of leaf chlorophyll and soluble proteins and the loss was more under WS2 than WS1. The net CO2 assimilation rate (PN) in flag leaves during water deficit display a strict correlation with the drought sensitivity of the genotypes and showed an early reduction in Marvdasht. Water stress, both at WS1 and WS2, facilitated the reduction in concentration of total soluble sugars and fructans in the internodes but increased the sucrose level there, promoted the re-allocation of pre-stored C from the peduncle and penultimate to grains. There was an increase in internodes fructose and a fall in fructan level that preceded the loss of dry matter associated with water stress. WS2 resulted in more deleterious effect on grain yield than WS1 in both cultivars and led to a smaller kernels and lesser aerial biomass at maturity. The loss was more in Marvdasht than Zagros. Our results suggest that the senescence and remobilization promoted by water deficits during grain filling are coupled processes in wheat, and mass of soluble sugars in the stems is premier than sugar remobilization efficiency. Varietal differences in the extent of such trait existed. It would be advantageous to select genotypes with greater capacity to do this under water deficit conditions.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits enhanced senescence of wheat flag leaves compared with well watered controls.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- water deficitse3
- Outcome
- senescencee3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Comparator
- well watered controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e2“held as well watered controls (Field Capacity)”
e3“water deficits enhanced the senescence by accelerating loss of leaf chlorophyll and soluble proteins and the loss was more under WS2 than WS1”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits accelerated the loss of leaf chlorophyll and soluble proteins in wheat flag leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water deficitse3
- Outcome
- loss of leaf chlorophyll and soluble proteinse3
- Direction
- acceleratinge3
- Comparator
- well watered controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e2“held as well watered controls (Field Capacity)”
e3“water deficits enhanced the senescence by accelerating loss of leaf chlorophyll and soluble proteins and the loss was more under WS2 than WS1”
Claim · model-written summary
The loss in wheat flag leaves was greater under WS2 than under WS1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e3“water deficits enhanced the senescence by accelerating loss of leaf chlorophyll and soluble proteins and the loss was more under WS2 than WS1”
Claim · model-written summary
Net CO2 assimilation rate of flag leaves under water deficit correlated strictly with drought sensitivity of the genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water deficite4
- Outcome
- net CO2 assimilation rate (PN) in flag leavese4
- Qualifier
- strict correlation with the drought sensitivity of the genotypese4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e4“The net CO2 assimilation rate (PN) in flag leaves during water deficit display a strict correlation with the drought sensitivity of the genotypes and showed an early reduction in Marvdasht”
Claim · model-written summary
Net CO2 assimilation rate of flag leaves was reduced early in the drought-sensitive cultivar Marvdasht.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Marvdashte4
- Outcome
- net CO2 assimilation rate (PN) in flag leavese4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Qualifier
- earlye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e4“The net CO2 assimilation rate (PN) in flag leaves during water deficit display a strict correlation with the drought sensitivity of the genotypes and showed an early reduction in Marvdasht”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced concentrations of total soluble sugars and fructans in internodes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- internodese5
- Treatment
- Water stresse5
- Outcome
- concentration of total soluble sugars and fructanse5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Comparator
- well watered controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e2“held as well watered controls (Field Capacity)”
e5“Water stress, both at WS1 and WS2, facilitated the reduction in concentration of total soluble sugars and fructans in the internodes but increased the sucrose level there”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased sucrose level in internodes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- internodese5
- Treatment
- Water stresse5
- Outcome
- sucrose levele5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- well watered controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e2“held as well watered controls (Field Capacity)”
e5“Water stress, both at WS1 and WS2, facilitated the reduction in concentration of total soluble sugars and fructans in the internodes but increased the sucrose level there”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased fructose in internodes of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- internodese6
- Treatment
- water stresse6
- Outcome
- internodes fructosee6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Comparator
- well watered controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e2“held as well watered controls (Field Capacity)”
e6“There was an increase in internodes fructose and a fall in fructan level that preceded the loss of dry matter associated with water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress lowered the fructan level in wheat, preceding the loss of dry matter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water stresse6
- Outcome
- fructan levele6
- Direction
- falle6
- Qualifier
- preceded the loss of dry matter associated with water stresse6
- Comparator
- well watered controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e2“held as well watered controls (Field Capacity)”
e6“There was an increase in internodes fructose and a fall in fructan level that preceded the loss of dry matter associated with water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
WS2 had a more deleterious effect on grain yield than WS1 in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WS2e7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- more deleteriouse7
- Comparator
- WS1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e7“WS2 resulted in more deleterious effect on grain yield than WS1 in both cultivars and led to a smaller kernels and lesser aerial biomass at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
WS2 led to smaller kernels than WS1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e7“WS2 resulted in more deleterious effect on grain yield than WS1 in both cultivars and led to a smaller kernels and lesser aerial biomass at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
WS2 led to lower aerial biomass at maturity than WS1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- maturitye7
- Treatment
- WS2e7
- Outcome
- aerial biomasse7
- Direction
- lessere7
- Comparator
- WS1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e7“WS2 resulted in more deleterious effect on grain yield than WS1 in both cultivars and led to a smaller kernels and lesser aerial biomass at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
The loss under water deficit was greater in Marvdasht than in Zagros.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e0“The loss was more in Marvdasht than Zagros”
Claim · model-written summary
Senescence and remobilization promoted by water deficits during grain filling are coupled processes in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water deficitse0
- Outcome
- senescence and remobilizatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e0“the senescence and remobilization promoted by water deficits during grain filling are coupled processes in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass of soluble sugars in the stems is more important than sugar remobilization efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- mass of soluble sugars in the stemse0
- Direction
- premiere0
- Comparator
- sugar remobilization efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e0“mass of soluble sugars in the stems is premier than sugar remobilization efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat varieties differed in the extent of the trait for sugar remobilization under water deficit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- extent of such traite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e0“Varietal differences in the extent of such trait existed”
Claim · model-written summary
Selecting genotypes with greater capacity for sugar remobilization under water deficit would be advantageous.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- select genotypes with greater capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flag Leaf of Two Wheat Cultivars”
e0“It would be advantageous to select genotypes with greater capacity to do this under water deficit conditions”
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