Abstract
Intergenerational plasticity namely parental environmental induction of offspring phenotypic changes, offers a promising pathway for drought adaptation, but the induction mechanisms and adaptive mechanisms are insufficient. To address this, we integrated multi-season soil pot and field experiments with multi-omics analyses to systematically evaluate the intergenerational plasticity of winter wheat. Results showed that parental drought applied during jointing (gametogenesis) significantly augmented offspring grain yield by 33% under severe drought in soil pot, whereas post-anthesis drought failed to enhance offspring yield (-5%, p > 0.05), when compared to the common irrigation regime. Among nine cultivars tested, only JM22, China's most widely cultivated cultivar, exhibited synergistic physiological improvements and the strongest adaptive intergenerational plasticity, increasing grain yield by 10.5% under field drought conditions. JM22's offspring from drought-primed parents showed enhanced assimilate transport, delayed leaf senescence, improved root plasticity, and higher water-use efficiency. Remarkably, two consecutive generations of drought exposure further amplified this yield benefit to 15.2%. Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and transcriptomic reprogramming underpinned this enhanced resilience. Our study reveals that adaptive intergenerational plasticity in wheat is driven by a finely-tuned resource re-allocation strategy that balances drought defense with reproductive growth, a process consolidated over generations through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Jointing-stage parental drought increased offspring grain yield 33% under severe pot drought versus common irrigation.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- parental drought applied during jointing (gametogenesis)e0
- Outcome
- offspring grain yielde0
- Direction
- augmentede0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Comparator
- common irrigation regimee0
- Setting
- soil pote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“parental drought applied during jointing (gametogenesis) significantly augmented offspring grain yield by 33% under severe drought in soil pot, whereas post-anthesis drought failed to enhance offspring yield (-5%, p > 0.05), when compared to the common irrigation regime.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-anthesis parental drought did not significantly improve offspring yield, with a reported -5% difference.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- post-anthesis droughte0
- Outcome
- offspring yielde0
- Direction
- failed to enhancee0
- Value
- -5%e0
- Comparator
- common irrigation regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post-anthesis drought failed to enhance offspring yield (-5%, p > 0.05), when compared to the common irrigation regime.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Among nine tested cultivars, JM22 showed the strongest adaptive intergenerational response and 10.5% greater yield under field drought.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- JM22e0
- Treatment
- field drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 10.5%e0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among nine cultivars tested, only JM22, China's most widely cultivated cultivar, exhibited synergistic physiological improvements and the strongest adaptive intergenerational plasticity, increasing grain yield by 10.5% under field drought conditions.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
JM22 offspring from drought-primed parents had enhanced assimilate transport.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- JM22e0
- Treatment
- drought-primed parentse0
- Outcome
- assimilate transporte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JM22's offspring from drought-primed parents showed enhanced assimilate transport, delayed leaf senescence, improved root plasticity, and higher water-use efficiency.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
JM22 offspring from drought-primed parents had delayed leaf senescence.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- JM22e0
- Treatment
- drought-primed parentse0
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JM22's offspring from drought-primed parents showed enhanced assimilate transport, delayed leaf senescence, improved root plasticity, and higher water-use efficiency.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
JM22 offspring from drought-primed parents had improved root plasticity.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- JM22e0
- Treatment
- drought-primed parentse0
- Outcome
- root plasticitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JM22's offspring from drought-primed parents showed enhanced assimilate transport, delayed leaf senescence, improved root plasticity, and higher water-use efficiency.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
JM22 offspring from drought-primed parents had higher water-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- JM22e0
- Treatment
- drought-primed parentse0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JM22's offspring from drought-primed parents showed enhanced assimilate transport, delayed leaf senescence, improved root plasticity, and higher water-use efficiency.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two successive generations of drought exposure increased the yield benefit to 15.2%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two consecutive generations of drought exposuree0
- Outcome
- yield benefite0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Value
- 15.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two consecutive generations of drought exposure further amplified this yield benefit to 15.2%.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute enhanced resilience to genome-wide DNA hypomethylation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- enhanced resiliencee0
- Qualifier
- Genome-wide DNA hypomethylatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and transcriptomic reprogramming underpinned this enhanced resilience.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute enhanced resilience to transcriptomic reprogramming.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- enhanced resiliencee0
- Qualifier
- transcriptomic reprogramminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and transcriptomic reprogramming underpinned this enhanced resilience.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose resource reallocation between drought defense and reproduction as a driver of adaptive plasticity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- adaptive intergenerational plasticitye0
- Qualifier
- resource re-allocation strategy that balances drought defense with reproductive growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adaptive intergenerational plasticity in wheat is driven by a finely-tuned resource re-allocation strategy that balances drought defense with reproductive growth, a process consolidated over generations through epigenetic mechanisms.”
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