Abstract
Abstract Additional results are presented from experiments with poplar and privet discussed in a previous paper. At 9 months after application mixtures of picloram and S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) caused more severe effects than either compound applied alone. This result was in agreement with earlier assessments of phytotoxicity. The earlier synergism of DEF with the triethylamine salt of 2,4,5‐T on privet diminished or disappeared, however. Mixtures of DEF with 2,4,5‐T iso‐octyl ester were antagonistic both in their shortand longer‐term phytotoxic effects. Further experiments with guava plants grown in a glasshouse have demonstrated synergism in mixtures of DEF with salt or amine formulations ofpicloram, 2,4,5‐T or mecoprop and antagonism between DEF and ester formulations of these herbicides. 2‐Butyne‐1,4‐diol had no effect on the phytotoxicity of picloram ester. Xylene and a non‐ionic emulsifying agent (Triton B 1956) did not appreciably increase the effects of picloram if a wetting agent was also present. Synergism was reduced when DEF was applied to guava leaves 2–4 h before or after picloram, and the compounds did not interact when they were introduced directly into the vascular system of this plant.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Picloram and DEF mixtures caused more severe effects at nine months than either alone in poplar and privet.
Verbatim
e0“experiments with poplar and privet discussed in a previous paper. At 9 months after application mixtures of picloram and S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) caused more severe effects than either compound applied alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier DEF synergy with triethylamine 2,4,5-T on privet diminished or disappeared.
Verbatim
e0“The earlier synergism of DEF with the triethylamine salt of 2,4,5‐T on privet diminished or disappeared”
Claim · model-written summary
DEF mixed with 2,4,5-T iso-octyl ester had antagonistic short and longer term phytotoxic effects.
- Taxon
- poplar and privete1
- Treatment
- Mixtures of DEF with 2,4,5‐T iso‐octyl estere0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effectse0
- Direction
- antagonistice0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Mixtures of DEF with 2,4,5‐T iso‐octyl ester were antagonistic both in their shortand longer‐term phytotoxic effects.”
e1“poplar and privet”
Claim · model-written summary
DEF synergized with salt or amine formulations of picloram, 2,4,5-T or mecoprop in guava.
- Taxon
- guava
Psidium guajavae0 - Treatment
- mixtures of DEF with salt or amine formulations ofpicloram, 2,4,5‐T or mecoprope0
- Outcome
- synergisme0
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further experiments with guava plants grown in a glasshouse have demonstrated synergism in mixtures of DEF with salt or amine formulations ofpicloram, 2,4,5‐T or mecoprop”
Claim · model-written summary
DEF antagonized ester formulations of the herbicides in guava.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae1
- Treatment
- DEF and ester formulations of these herbicidese0
- Outcome
- antagonisme0
- Setting
- glasshousee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antagonism between DEF and ester formulations of these herbicides.”
e1“guava plants grown in a glasshouse”
Claim · model-written summary
2-Butyne-1,4-diol had no effect on picloram ester phytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae1
- Treatment
- 2‐Butyne‐1,4‐diole0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity of picloram estere0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2‐Butyne‐1,4‐diol had no effect on the phytotoxicity of picloram ester.”
e1“guava plants grown in a glasshouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylene did not appreciably increase picloram effects when a wetting agent was present.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae1
- Treatment
- Xylenee0
- Outcome
- effects of piclorame0
- Direction
- did not appreciably increasee0
- Qualifier
- if a wetting agent was also presente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Xylene and a non‐ionic emulsifying agent (Triton B 1956) did not appreciably increase the effects of picloram if a wetting agent was also present.”
e1“guava plants grown in a glasshouse”
Claim · model-written summary
Triton B 1956 did not appreciably increase picloram effects when a wetting agent was present.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae1
- Treatment
- Triton B 1956e0
- Outcome
- effects of piclorame0
- Direction
- did not appreciably increasee0
- Qualifier
- if a wetting agent was also presente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Xylene and a non‐ionic emulsifying agent (Triton B 1956) did not appreciably increase the effects of picloram if a wetting agent was also present.”
e1“guava plants grown in a glasshouse”
Claim · model-written summary
DEF and picloram synergy was reduced when DEF was applied to guava leaves 2–4 hours before or after picloram.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- DEF was applied to guava leaves 2–4 h before or after piclorame0
- Outcome
- Synergisme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synergism was reduced when DEF was applied to guava leaves 2–4 h before or after picloram”
Claim · model-written summary
DEF and picloram did not interact when introduced into guava vascular tissue.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae1
- Organ / stage
- vascular systeme0
- Treatment
- the compoundse0
- Outcome
- did not interacte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the compounds did not interact when they were introduced directly into the vascular system of this plant.”
e1“guava leaves 2–4 h before or after picloram”