Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soil-applied aqueous extract of Amaranthus retroflexus L. in preventing lime-induced iron (Fe) chlorosis of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.). Tree growth, nutritional status, yield and fruit quality were also assessed. The aqueous extract was obtained by soaking dried and ground canopy (epigeal part) of spontaneous A. retroflexus plants in tap water. A. retroflexus extract was chosen because of its ability to solubilize Fe from calcareous soil, which was found to be 100-fold higher than deionized water alone. Two experiments were carried out (controlled environment and commercial field conditions) where soil-applied aqueous extract of A. retroflexus alone or mixed with iron sulfate (FeSO4) was compared with synthetic Fe-chelate and an untreated control. Soil-applied aqueous extract of A. retroflexus increased shoot length, leaf SPAD and total plant biomass in controlled environment. In the commercial orchard control trees showed severe leaf Fe-chlorosis symptoms effectively prevented by Fe-chelate. The supply of A. retroflexus aqueous extract improved Fe nutrition of trees, particularly when enriched with FeSO4. Fe-chelate increased tree yield but decreased fruit weight, leaf potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) concentration. At harvest, all strategies raised fruit soluble solid concentration compared to the untreated control. Results showed that soil-applied A. retroflexus aqueous extract improved Fe nutritional status of pear trees, probably because of the natural Fe chelating capacity of the compounds released by its tissues
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied Amaranthus retroflexus extract increased shoot length, leaf SPAD and total plant biomass of pear trees in a controlled environment compared with an untreated control.
- Taxon
- pear trees
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Treatment
- Soil-applied aqueous extract of A. retroflexuse1
- Outcome
- shoot length, leaf SPAD and total plant biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
- Setting
- controlled environmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“chlorosis of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“Soil-applied aqueous extract of A. retroflexus increased shoot length, leaf SPAD and total plant biomass in controlled environment”
e2“was compared with synthetic Fe-chelate and an untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-chelate prevented severe leaf Fe-chlorosis symptoms in pear trees in a commercial orchard compared with control trees.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- Fe-chelatee1
- Outcome
- leaf Fe-chlorosis symptomse1
- Direction
- preventede1
- Comparator
- control treese1
- Setting
- commercial orcharde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorosis of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“In the commercial orchard control trees showed severe leaf Fe-chlorosis symptoms effectively prevented by Fe-chelate”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-chelate increased tree yield of pear trees.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- Fe-chelatee1
- Outcome
- tree yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorosis of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“Fe-chelate increased tree yield but decreased fruit weight, leaf potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-chelate decreased fruit weight of pear trees.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- Fe-chelatee1
- Outcome
- fruit weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorosis of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“Fe-chelate increased tree yield but decreased fruit weight, leaf potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe-chelate decreased leaf potassium and manganese concentration of pear trees.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- Fe-chelatee1
- Outcome
- leaf potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorosis of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“Fe-chelate increased tree yield but decreased fruit weight, leaf potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
At harvest, all strategies raised fruit soluble solid concentration of pear trees compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- all strategiese1
- Outcome
- fruit soluble solid concentratione1
- Direction
- raisede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorosis of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“At harvest, all strategies raised fruit soluble solid concentration compared to the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied Amaranthus retroflexus aqueous extract probably improved Fe nutritional status of pear trees through the Fe chelating capacity of compounds released by its tissues.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- soil-applied A. retroflexus aqueous extracte1
- Outcome
- Fe nutritional statuse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- probably because of the natural Fe chelating capacity of the compounds released by its tissuese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorosis of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.)”
e1“Results showed that soil-applied A. retroflexus aqueous extract improved Fe nutritional status of pear trees, probably because of the natural Fe chelating capacity of the compounds released by its tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
The Amaranthus retroflexus extract improved Fe nutrition of pear trees, particularly when enriched with FeSO4.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- A. retroflexus aqueous extracte2
- Outcome
- Fe nutritione2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Qualifier
- particularly when enriched with FeSO4e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorosis of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.)”
e2“The supply of A. retroflexus aqueous extract improved Fe nutrition of trees, particularly when enriched with FeSO4”
Claim · model-written summary
The Amaranthus retroflexus extract solubilized Fe from calcareous soil at a level 100-fold higher than deionized water alone.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexuse3 - Treatment
- A. retroflexus extracte4
- Outcome
- ability to solubilize Fe from calcareous soile4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 100-folde4
- Comparator
- deionized water alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“extract of Amaranthus retroflexus L.”
e4“A. retroflexus extract was chosen because of its ability to solubilize Fe from calcareous soil, which was found to be 100-fold higher than deionized water alone”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · physiology: pigments · Pyrus communis (pear)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · nutrient: content · Pyrus communis (pear)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.