Abstract
Pears are challenged with many serious biotic stresses that cause significant crop losses. One of the most important biotic stresses in Egypt is fire blight. The objective of this work is to test the impact of applying plant extracts and bacteria on the yield quality and fire blight disease of the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees. The following ten treatments were given: Garlic extract at (2, 4 and 6%) named (T1 , T2 and T3) and ginger root extract (2, 4 and 6%) named (T4 , T5 and T6), mixture of Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas taiwanensis that prevents blight in concentration (108 cfu/ ml, 1010 cfu/ ml and1012 cfu/ ml) named (T7 , T8 and T9) and control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10). From January until the harvest in August, all treatments were applied once a month. The results indicated that all treatments effectively stimulated fruit measurements, natural and chemical characteristics of fruits, leaf mineral contents and protection from fire blight. Generally, T1 increased yield/ tree, No. of fruits/trees, fruit length, diameter, weight, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugars, improved leaf mineral content, gave the highest efficacies against fire blight disease and lowest percent disease incidence.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments with plant extracts and bacteria stimulated fruit measurements, fruit chemical characteristics and leaf mineral contents compared with water spraying.
- Taxon
- pear trees
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise1 - Material
- Le-Contee1
- Treatment
- plant extracts and bacteriae2
- Outcome
- fruit measurements, natural and chemical characteristics of fruits, leaf mineral contentse4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
- Comparator
- control treatment (spraying with water)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees”
e2“applying plant extracts and bacteria”
e3“control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10)”
e4“all treatments effectively stimulated fruit measurements, natural and chemical characteristics of fruits, leaf mineral contents and protection from fire blight”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments with plant extracts and bacteria effectively protected pear trees from fire blight compared with water spraying.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Treatment
- plant extracts and bacteriae2
- Outcome
- protection from fire blighte4
- Comparator
- control treatment (spraying with water)e3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees”
e2“applying plant extracts and bacteria”
e3“control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10)”
e4“all treatments effectively stimulated fruit measurements, natural and chemical characteristics of fruits, leaf mineral contents and protection from fire blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract T1 increased yield per tree, number of fruits per tree and fruit length.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Material
- Le-Contee1
- Treatment
- Garlic extracte2
- Outcome
- yield/ tree, No. of fruits/trees, fruit lengthe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control treatment (spraying with water)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees”
e2“Garlic extract at (2, 4 and 6%) named (T1 , T2 and T3)”
e3“control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10)”
e4“T1 increased yield/ tree, No. of fruits/trees, fruit length, diameter, weight, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugars”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract T1 increased fruit diameter and fruit weight.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Material
- Le-Contee1
- Treatment
- Garlic extracte2
- Outcome
- diameter, weighte4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control treatment (spraying with water)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees”
e2“Garlic extract at (2, 4 and 6%) named (T1 , T2 and T3)”
e3“control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10)”
e4“T1 increased yield/ tree, No. of fruits/trees, fruit length, diameter, weight, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugars”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract T1 increased fruit total soluble solids (TSS).
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Material
- Le-Contee1
- Treatment
- Garlic extracte2
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control treatment (spraying with water)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees”
e2“Garlic extract at (2, 4 and 6%) named (T1 , T2 and T3)”
e3“control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10)”
e4“T1 increased yield/ tree, No. of fruits/trees, fruit length, diameter, weight, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugars”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract T1 increased total sugar, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars in fruit.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Material
- Le-Contee1
- Treatment
- Garlic extracte2
- Outcome
- total sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugarse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control treatment (spraying with water)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees”
e2“Garlic extract at (2, 4 and 6%) named (T1 , T2 and T3)”
e3“control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10)”
e4“T1 increased yield/ tree, No. of fruits/trees, fruit length, diameter, weight, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugars”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract T1 improved leaf mineral content.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Material
- Le-Contee1
- Treatment
- Garlic extracte2
- Outcome
- leaf mineral contente4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Comparator
- control treatment (spraying with water)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees”
e2“Garlic extract at (2, 4 and 6%) named (T1 , T2 and T3)”
e3“control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10)”
e4“improved leaf mineral content, gave the highest efficacies against fire blight disease and lowest percent disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract T1 gave the highest efficacy against fire blight disease.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Material
- Le-Contee1
- Treatment
- Garlic extracte2
- Outcome
- efficacies against fire blight diseasee4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Comparator
- control treatment (spraying with water)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees”
e2“Garlic extract at (2, 4 and 6%) named (T1 , T2 and T3)”
e3“control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10)”
e4“improved leaf mineral content, gave the highest efficacies against fire blight disease and lowest percent disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract T1 gave the lowest percent disease incidence of fire blight.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Material
- Le-Contee1
- Treatment
- Garlic extracte2
- Outcome
- percent disease incidencee4
- Direction
- loweste4
- Comparator
- control treatment (spraying with water)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the Le-Conte cultivar of pear trees”
e2“Garlic extract at (2, 4 and 6%) named (T1 , T2 and T3)”
e3“control treatment (spraying with water) named (T10)”
e4“improved leaf mineral content, gave the highest efficacies against fire blight disease and lowest percent disease incidence”
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See all 5 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.