Abstract
Artificial pollination is essential in pears (Pyrus spp.) for stable fruit set and the production of high-quality fruit. Low temperatures in the early spring before bud flowering can damage pear pollen and pose a special risk to pollen production for artificial pollination. In this study, we sought to identify, in pears, the flower bud stage most susceptible to low-temperature pollen damage, observe anther development abnormalities, compare pollen sensitivities among seven pear cultivars, and evaluate the pollen cold injury inhibition efficacy of a coffee extract treatment for flower buds. The most cold-sensitive flower bud stage for the Japanese pear ‘Kosui’ pollen was the scale-separation stage, with pollen in that stage ranging from the pollen mother cell to the tetrad stage. In the ‘Kosui’ flower bud treated at −3°C over 10 h, the typical cold-induced anther development abnormalities were tapetum hypertrophy, cell debris, and anther locule shrinkage. Flower buds at the scale-separation stage of seven pear cultivars were treated with low temperatures in a model based on daily temperature changes during the winter season in Saitama, Japan, to reach daily minimum temperatures of 0, −1, −2, −3, −4, −5, and −6°C. The pollen germination rates of ‘Hosui’ were unaffected by low-temperature treatments between 0 and −6°C. Overall ‘Hosui’ showed the least reduction in pollen germination rate than the other cultivars evaluated. Our results strongly suggest that ‘Hosui’ is the most tolerant to low temperatures among the tested cultivars. In the laboratory environment, the application of a coffee extract before cold treatment delayed flower bud freezing and preserved pollen germination. These results are helpful in selecting varieties and treatments for the prevention of cold injury in pear pollen production.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The scale-separation stage was most cold-sensitive for Kosui pollen.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Material
- ‘Kosui’e0
- Organ / stage
- scale-separation stagee0
- Outcome
- most cold-sensitive flower bud stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The most cold-sensitive flower bud stage for the Japanese pear ‘Kosui’ pollen was the scale-separation stage, with pollen in that stage ranging from the pollen mother cell to the tetrad stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
At −3°C for over 10 hours, Kosui anthers showed tapetum hypertrophy, cell debris and locule shrinkage.
- Taxon
- PearPyrus communist0
- Material
- ‘Kosui’e0
- Treatment
- −3°C over 10 he0
- Outcome
- tapetum hypertrophy, cell debris, and anther locule shrinkagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the ‘Kosui’ flower bud treated at −3°C over 10 h, the typical cold-induced anther development abnormalities were tapetum hypertrophy, cell debris, and anther locule shrinkage.”
t0“Pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Hosui pollen germination was unaffected across 0 to −6°C treatments.
- Taxon
- PearPyrus communist0
- Material
- ‘Hosui’e0
- Treatment
- low-temperature treatments between 0 and −6°Ce0
- Outcome
- pollen germination ratese0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pollen germination rates of ‘Hosui’ were unaffected by low-temperature treatments between 0 and −6°C.”
t0“Pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Hosui had the least reduction in pollen germination among evaluated cultivars.
- Taxon
- PearPyrus communist0
- Material
- ‘Hosui’e0
- Outcome
- pollen germination ratee0
- Direction
- least reductione0
- Comparator
- the other cultivars evaluatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall ‘Hosui’ showed the least reduction in pollen germination rate than the other cultivars evaluated.”
t0“Pear”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered Hosui the most low-temperature-tolerant cultivar tested.
- Taxon
- PearPyrus communist0
- Material
- ‘Hosui’e0
- Outcome
- most tolerant to low temperaturese0
- Comparator
- the tested cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results strongly suggest that ‘Hosui’ is the most tolerant to low temperatures among the tested cultivars.”
t0“Pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Coffee extract before cold treatment delayed flower bud freezing.
- Taxon
- PearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- application of a coffee extract before cold treatmente0
- Outcome
- flower bud freezinge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Setting
- laboratory environmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the laboratory environment, the application of a coffee extract before cold treatment delayed flower bud freezing and preserved pollen germination.”
t0“Pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Coffee extract before cold treatment preserved pollen germination.
- Taxon
- PearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- application of a coffee extract before cold treatmente0
- Outcome
- pollen germinatione0
- Direction
- preservede0
- Setting
- laboratory environmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the laboratory environment, the application of a coffee extract before cold treatment delayed flower bud freezing and preserved pollen germination.”
t0“Pear”
The same questions in other papers
cold · yield · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
botanical · yield · Pyrus communis (pear)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.