Abstract
The aims of this work were to study the germination characteristics (under controlled conditions of light and temperature and using different pretreatments for promoting germination) and variability of Ceratonia siliqua seeds. Seed collected from different individual trees were tested. Constant (10 deg C, 15 deg C, 20 deg C, 25 deg C) and alternating 25/15 deg C temperature regimes and 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod conditions were used. Mechanical scarification, dry heat, boiling water, sulphuric acid, soaking in distilled water and soaking in gibberellic acid solution were used as presowing treatments applied for enhancing germination. The untreated seeds showed a deep dormancy at all temperature regimes assayed (final germination percentages ranged from 23 to 28%). Mechanical scarification, sulphuric acid and boiling water drastically improved final germination percentages (99, 88 and 80%, respectively). Therefore, the impermeability to water of the seed coat (physical dormancy) seems to be the most important causes of the seed dormancy present in this species. Great variability in seed weight, seed water content and germination parameters were found among seeds belonging to different individual trees. Significant differences between different individual trees under the same incubation temperature were detected for seed germination (final germination percentage ranged from 7 to 50%). However, germination rate (as expressed by mean germination time) was relatively similar among seeds from different trees. A negative significant relationship between seed weight and final germination percentage was found: the lightest seeds reached the highest germination percentages. Moreover, seed weight showed a positive significant correlation with seed water content.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated carob seeds showed deep dormancy at all tested temperature regimes, with final germination of 23 to 28%.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliqua
Ceratonia siliquat0 - Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Outcome
- final germination percentagese1
- Value
- 23 to 28%e1
- Qualifier
- untreatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds”
e1“The untreated seeds showed a deep dormancy at all temperature regimes assayed (final germination percentages ranged from 23 to 28%). Mechanical scarification, sulphuric acid and boiling water drastically improved final germination percentages (99, 88 and 80%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical scarification drastically improved final germination of carob seeds (99%) compared with untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Treatment
- Mechanical scarificatione1
- Outcome
- final germination percentagese1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 99e1
- Comparator
- untreated seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds”
e1“The untreated seeds showed a deep dormancy at all temperature regimes assayed (final germination percentages ranged from 23 to 28%). Mechanical scarification, sulphuric acid and boiling water drastically improved final germination percentages (99, 88 and 80%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphuric acid drastically improved final germination of carob seeds (88%) compared with untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Treatment
- sulphuric acide1
- Outcome
- final germination percentagese1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 88e1
- Comparator
- untreated seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds”
e1“The untreated seeds showed a deep dormancy at all temperature regimes assayed (final germination percentages ranged from 23 to 28%). Mechanical scarification, sulphuric acid and boiling water drastically improved final germination percentages (99, 88 and 80%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boiling water drastically improved final germination of carob seeds (80%) compared with untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Treatment
- boiling watere1
- Outcome
- final germination percentagese1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 80%e1
- Comparator
- untreated seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds”
e1“The untreated seeds showed a deep dormancy at all temperature regimes assayed (final germination percentages ranged from 23 to 28%). Mechanical scarification, sulphuric acid and boiling water drastically improved final germination percentages (99, 88 and 80%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Final germination percentage differed significantly among individual carob trees under the same incubation temperature, ranging from 7 to 50%.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquat0
- Material
- individual treese2
- Outcome
- final germination percentagee2
- Value
- 7 to 50%e2
- Qualifier
- under the same incubation temperaturee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds”
e2“Significant differences between different individual trees under the same incubation temperature were detected for seed germination (final germination percentage ranged from 7 to 50%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination rate (mean germination time) was relatively similar among carob seeds from different trees.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquat0
- Material
- different treese3
- Outcome
- germination rate (as expressed by mean germination time)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds”
e3“However, germination rate (as expressed by mean germination time) was relatively similar among seeds from different trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Great variability in seed weight, seed water content and germination parameters was found among seeds of different individual carob trees.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquat0
- Material
- different individual treese4
- Outcome
- variability in seed weight, seed water content and germination parameterse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds”
e4“Great variability in seed weight, seed water content and germination parameters were found among seeds belonging to different individual trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight was negatively and significantly related to final germination percentage: the lightest seeds reached the highest germination.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse5
- Outcome
- final germination percentagee5
- Direction
- negativee5
- Qualifier
- seed weighte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds”
e5“A negative significant relationship between seed weight and final germination percentage was found: the lightest seeds reached the highest germination percentages”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight was positively and significantly correlated with seed water content in carob seeds.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquat0
- Organ / stage
- seede6
- Outcome
- seed water contente6
- Direction
- positivee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds”
e6“Moreover, seed weight showed a positive significant correlation with seed water content”
The same questions in other papers
sulfuric acid · growth · Ceratonia siliqua (carob)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →seed treatment · growth · Ceratonia siliqua (carob)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.