Abstract
Abstract Micronutrient deficiency and malnutrition in humans are severe problems in many developing countries, particularly in areas with calcareous soils. There is almost no information on whether inoculation with plant growth–promoting Azospirillum and/or Trichoderma can help to reduce this problem by increasing the mineral concentration of the seeds. Field experiments were conducted in Tokat (Turkey) in 2001–2002 to determine whether inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense , Trichoderma harzianum , sole or in combination, and/or the application of P fertilizers can enhance micronutrient concentrations of field‐grown bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). In beans, Azospirillum inoculation combined with P fertilization significantly ( p < 0.05) increased seed concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Cu, from 8.8, 22.6, and 7.0 mg kg –1 in the control to 10.3, 28.3, and 11.0 mg kg –1 , respectively. Trichoderma inoculation alone significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu and the cumulative plant uptake of Fe and Zn in 45‐day‐old bean plants. However, it significantly ( p < 0.05) increased bean‐seed Cu content and accumulation. The double inoculation resulted in significantly ( p < 0.05) higher micronutrient concentrations than Trichoderma inoculation alone in 45‐day‐old plants. In contrast to beans, the effects of microbial inoculations were less in wheat. However, dual inoculation significantly ( p < 0.05) increased Zn content by 45% and Zn accumulation by 40% above the uninoculated control. Inoculation with plant growth–promoting microorganisms appears to be a promising strategy to combat micronutrient deficiencies.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum plus P increased bean seed Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum inoculation combined with P fertilizatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- seed concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Cue0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azospirillum inoculation combined with P fertilization significantly ( p < 0.05) increased seed concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Cu, from 8.8, 22.6, and 7.0 mg kg –1 in the control to 10.3, 28.3, and 11.0 mg kg –1 , respectively.”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma reduced Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations in young bean plants.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Organ / stage
- 45‐day‐old bean plantse0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma inoculation alonee0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0symbiont - Outcome
- concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cue0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma inoculation alone significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu and the cumulative plant uptake of Fe and Zn in 45‐day‐old bean plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma reduced cumulative Fe and Zn uptake in young beans.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma inoculation alonee0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- cumulative plant uptake of Fe and Zne0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma inoculation alone significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu and the cumulative plant uptake of Fe and Zn in 45‐day‐old bean plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma increased bean seed Cu content and accumulation.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“it significantly ( p < 0.05) increased bean‐seed Cu content and accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation raised micronutrient concentrations relative to Trichoderma alone.
Verbatim
e0“The double inoculation resulted in significantly ( p < 0.05) higher micronutrient concentrations than Trichoderma inoculation alone in 45‐day‐old plants.”
t0“dry bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation increased wheat Zn content by 45%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- dual inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation significantly ( p < 0.05) increased Zn content by 45% and Zn accumulation by 40% above the uninoculated control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation increased wheat Zn accumulation by 40%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Zn accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation significantly ( p < 0.05) increased Zn content by 45% and Zn accumulation by 40% above the uninoculated control.”
t0“wheat”
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See all 277 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.