Abstract
Abstract Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) appears to be more severe in spring than in summer. This may result from a decrease in the Mn supply relative to growth or an increase in the functional requirement of Mn under cooler conditions. To examine the supply‐functional concentration relationship, experiments were conducted in growth chambers at various temperatures. Manganese deficient soybeans were exposed to various concentrations of Mn in nutrient solution and sampled periodically during vegetative growth. Both Mn accumulation and the growth parameters such as dry weight of plant parts, leaf area, and plant height increased exponentially with time. Since the growth parameters responded similarly, the results were expressed as the dry weight of the tops. The relative growth rate (RGR) and relative accumulation rate of Mn (RAR) were calculated. The RGR increased with both increasing temperature and Mn supply whereas the RAR increased primarily with increasing Mn supply. The RGR maximized between 10 and 20 ppb Mn in solution, indicating an adequate plant Mn concentration. At adequate Mn, the RGR increased from 0.08 to 0.12 g g −1 day −1 with increasing temperature and plant Mn increased with the Mn concentration in the nutrient solution. At inadequate Mn, the RGR increased with the Mn concentration in the nutrient solution and plant Mn equilibrated at a minimal concentration the functional requirement that decreased linearly from 7 to 4 µg/g with increasing temperature. Relative growth rate was then expressed as a function of plant Mn concentration and temperature. At higher temperatures, the functional requirement, of Mn was low but on increasing the top Mn concentration, the RGR plateaued at a high rate. On the other hand, at lower temperatures the functional requirement was greater and the RGR with adequate Mn was lower. At the functional requirement, the RGR was governed by the rate of Mn accumulation.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Mn accumulation and growth parameters of soybean increased exponentially with time.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- Mn accumulation and the growth parameterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- exponentially with timee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e1“Both Mn accumulation and the growth parameters such as dry weight of plant parts, leaf area, and plant height increased exponentially with time”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate of soybean increased with increasing temperature.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee2
- Outcome
- RGRe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e2“The RGR increased with both increasing temperature and Mn supply whereas the RAR increased primarily with increasing Mn supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate of soybean increased with Mn supply.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mn supplye2
- Outcome
- RGRe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e2“The RGR increased with both increasing temperature and Mn supply whereas the RAR increased primarily with increasing Mn supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative accumulation rate of Mn in soybean increased primarily with increasing Mn supply.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing Mn supplye2
- Outcome
- RARe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- primarilye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e2“The RGR increased with both increasing temperature and Mn supply whereas the RAR increased primarily with increasing Mn supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate of soybean was maximized between 10 and 20 ppb Mn in solution.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mn in solutione3
- Outcome
- RGRe3
- Direction
- maximizede3
- Value
- between 10 and 20 ppbe3
- Qualifier
- indicating an adequate plant Mn concentratione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e3“The RGR maximized between 10 and 20 ppb Mn in solution, indicating an adequate plant Mn concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
At adequate Mn, relative growth rate of soybean increased from 0.08 to 0.12 g g-1 day-1 with increasing temperature.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee4
- Outcome
- RGRe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 0.08 to 0.12 g g −1 day −1e4
- Qualifier
- At adequate Mne4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e4“At adequate Mn, the RGR increased from 0.08 to 0.12 g g −1 day −1 with increasing temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
At inadequate Mn, relative growth rate of soybean increased with Mn concentration in the nutrient solution.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mn concentration in the nutrient solutione5
- Outcome
- RGRe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- At inadequate Mne5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e5“At inadequate Mn, the RGR increased with the Mn concentration in the nutrient solution and plant Mn equilibrated at a minimal concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
At inadequate Mn, plant Mn of soybean equilibrated at a minimal concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- plant Mne5
- Qualifier
- equilibrated at a minimal concentratione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e5“At inadequate Mn, the RGR increased with the Mn concentration in the nutrient solution and plant Mn equilibrated at a minimal concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The functional requirement of Mn in soybean decreased linearly from 7 to 4 µg/g with increasing temperature.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee6
- Outcome
- functional requiremente6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- from 7 to 4 µg/ge6
- Qualifier
- linearlye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e6“the functional requirement that decreased linearly from 7 to 4 µg/g with increasing temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher temperatures, the functional requirement of Mn in soybean was low.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- functional requirement, of Mne7
- Direction
- lowe7
- Qualifier
- At higher temperaturese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e7“At higher temperatures, the functional requirement, of Mn was low but on increasing the top Mn concentration, the RGR plateaued at a high rate”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher temperatures, relative growth rate of soybean plateaued at a high rate with increasing top Mn concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing the top Mn concentratione7
- Outcome
- RGRe7
- Direction
- plateauede7
- Qualifier
- at a high ratee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e7“At higher temperatures, the functional requirement, of Mn was low but on increasing the top Mn concentration, the RGR plateaued at a high rate”
Claim · model-written summary
At lower temperatures, the functional requirement of Mn in soybean was greater.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- lower temperaturese1
- Outcome
- functional requiremente1
- Direction
- greatere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e1“At lower temperatures the functional requirement was greater and the RGR with adequate Mn was lower”
Claim · model-written summary
At lower temperatures, relative growth rate of soybean with adequate Mn was lower.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- lower temperaturese1
- Outcome
- RGR with adequate Mne1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e1“At lower temperatures the functional requirement was greater and the RGR with adequate Mn was lower”
Claim · model-written summary
At the functional requirement of Mn, relative growth rate of soybean was governed by the rate of Mn accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- RGRe2
- Qualifier
- governed by the rate of Mn accumulatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e2“At the functional requirement, the RGR was governed by the rate of Mn accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate of soybean was expressed as a function of plant Mn concentration and temperature.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- function of plant Mn concentration and temperaturee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manganese deficiency in soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
e3“Relative growth rate was then expressed as a function of plant Mn concentration and temperature”
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