Abstract
SUMMARY Three field experiments with sugar beet grown on a light calcareous soil tested a wide range of amounts of sodium and potassium fertilizer with either magnesium or nitrogen. Both sodium and potassium increased sugar yield and there was a large negative interaction between them. Magnesium also increased sugar yield, but the larger dressing of nitrogen decreased it. Sodium, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers also affected the concentration of impurities in the root juice at harvest. Plant samples were also analysed in August when the crop usually contains most sodium. Sodium fertilizer greatly increased the sodium and decreased the potassium concentration in the dry matter of the tops but the composition of the roots changed little. Potassium dressings slightly increased potassium in the tops but did not affect the root composition. Exchangeable sodium in the top soil of plots given sodium fertilizer decreased rapidly early in the season, but increased again from August, probably because sodium was taken up rapidly early in the summer and returned later in dead leaves. Soil potassium decreased throughout the season on plots where potassium was applied, but did not change on plots without potassium fertilizer; this is explained by fixation and release from non-exchangeable forms. On this soil there was no reason to regard sodium in its effect on yield, other than as a replacement for potassium, but its behaviour in the soil and effect on the composition of the plant was quite different.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium fertilizer increased sugar beet sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Treatment
- sodiume1
- Outcome
- sugar yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e1“Both sodium and potassium increased sugar yield and there was a large negative interaction between them”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilizer increased sugar beet sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- potassiume1
- Outcome
- sugar yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e1“Both sodium and potassium increased sugar yield and there was a large negative interaction between them”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium and potassium fertilizers had a large negative interaction on sugar beet sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- sodium and potassiume1
- Outcome
- sugar yielde1
- Direction
- large negative interactione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e1“Both sodium and potassium increased sugar yield and there was a large negative interaction between them”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium fertilizer increased sugar beet sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Magnesiume2
- Outcome
- sugar yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e2“Magnesium also increased sugar yield, but the larger dressing of nitrogen decreased it”
Claim · model-written summary
A larger nitrogen dressing decreased sugar beet sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- larger dressing of nitrogene2
- Outcome
- sugar yielde2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e2“Magnesium also increased sugar yield, but the larger dressing of nitrogen decreased it”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium fertilizer affected the concentration of impurities in sugar beet root juice at harvest.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Sodiume3
- Outcome
- concentration of impurities in the root juicee3
- Direction
- affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e3“Sodium, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers also affected the concentration of impurities in the root juice at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilizer affected the concentration of impurities in sugar beet root juice at harvest.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- potassiume3
- Outcome
- concentration of impurities in the root juicee3
- Direction
- affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e3“Sodium, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers also affected the concentration of impurities in the root juice at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizers affected the concentration of impurities in sugar beet root juice at harvest.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizerse3
- Outcome
- concentration of impurities in the root juicee3
- Direction
- affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e3“Sodium, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers also affected the concentration of impurities in the root juice at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium fertilizer greatly increased sodium in the dry matter of sugar beet tops.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- dry matter of the topse4
- Treatment
- Sodium fertilizere4
- Outcome
- sodiume4
- Direction
- greatly increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e4“Sodium fertilizer greatly increased the sodium and decreased the potassium concentration in the dry matter of the tops but the composition of the roots changed little”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium fertilizer decreased potassium concentration in the dry matter of sugar beet tops.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- dry matter of the topse4
- Treatment
- Sodium fertilizere4
- Outcome
- potassium concentratione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e4“Sodium fertilizer greatly increased the sodium and decreased the potassium concentration in the dry matter of the tops but the composition of the roots changed little”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium fertilizer changed the composition of sugar beet roots little.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- Sodium fertilizere4
- Outcome
- composition of the rootse4
- Direction
- changed littlee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e4“Sodium fertilizer greatly increased the sodium and decreased the potassium concentration in the dry matter of the tops but the composition of the roots changed little”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium dressings slightly increased potassium in sugar beet tops.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- topse5
- Treatment
- Potassium dressingse5
- Outcome
- potassiume5
- Direction
- slightly increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e5“Potassium dressings slightly increased potassium in the tops but did not affect the root composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium dressings did not affect the root composition of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Potassium dressingse5
- Outcome
- root compositione5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e5“Potassium dressings slightly increased potassium in the tops but did not affect the root composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable sodium in the top soil of sodium-fertilized plots decreased rapidly early in the season.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- top soile6
- Treatment
- sodium fertilizere6
- Outcome
- Exchangeable sodiume6
- Direction
- decreased rapidlye6
- Qualifier
- early in the seasone6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e6“Exchangeable sodium in the top soil of plots given sodium fertilizer decreased rapidly early in the season, but increased again from August”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable sodium in the top soil of sodium-fertilized plots increased again from August.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- top soile6
- Treatment
- sodium fertilizere6
- Outcome
- Exchangeable sodiume6
- Direction
- increased againe6
- Qualifier
- from Auguste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e6“Exchangeable sodium in the top soil of plots given sodium fertilizer decreased rapidly early in the season, but increased again from August”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil potassium decreased throughout the season on plots where potassium was applied.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- potassiume7
- Outcome
- Soil potassiume7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Qualifier
- throughout the seasone7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e7“Soil potassium decreased throughout the season on plots where potassium was applied, but did not change on plots without potassium fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil potassium did not change on plots without potassium fertilizer.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- potassiume7
- Outcome
- Soil potassiume7
- Direction
- did not changee7
- Qualifier
- on plots without potassium fertilizere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e7“Soil potassium decreased throughout the season on plots where potassium was applied, but did not change on plots without potassium fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The decline of soil potassium under potassium fertilization is explained by fixation and release from non-exchangeable forms.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- Soil potassiume7
- Qualifier
- fixation and release from non-exchangeable formse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e7“Soil potassium decreased throughout the season on plots where potassium was applied, but did not change on plots without potassium fertilizer”
e6“this is explained by fixation and release from non-exchangeable forms”
Claim · model-written summary
On this soil, sodium affects sugar beet yield only as a replacement for potassium.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- sodiume5
- Outcome
- effect on yielde5
- Qualifier
- as a replacement for potassiume5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three field experiments with sugar beet”
e5“On this soil there was no reason to regard sodium in its effect on yield, other than as a replacement for potassium”
The same questions in other papers
sodium atom · quality: sugar starch · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
magnesium atom · quality: sugar starch · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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See all 6 papers →nitrogen · quality: sugar starch · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results differ
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20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.