Abstract
Drawbacks of intensive farming practices and environmental costs of N fertilizers have renewed interest in bio-fertilizers. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of 7 N2-fixing bacterial isolates from various sources in sugar beet and barley production under field conditions in the higland plateau of Erzurum, Turkey (29° 55′ N and 41° 16′ E with an altitude of 1950 m) in 1999 and 2000. Seeds were inoculated with five bacterial strains of Bacillus; BA-140, BA-142, M-3, M-13, and M-58, a strain of Burkholderia (BA-7) and Pseudomonas (BA-8). The bacterial strains had been demonstrated to grow in N-free basal medium. The experiment also included applications of mineral nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and NP-fertilizer as well as a control treatment without inoculation and fertilizer application. Two years of trials under field conditions showed that seed inoculation with bacterial strains significantly affected yield, yield components, and quality parameters both in sugar beet and barley. On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively. N, P, and NP applications, however, increased root yield up to 13.6, 5.3, and 21.4% and sugar yield by 6.1, 4.0, and 14.8%, respectively. Of the bacteria tested, BA-140 and BA-142 had yields equal to N application. All bacterial inoculations also gave higher seed and total biomass yields in barley than control plots. BA-140 and BA-142 were top yielding strains. In conclusion, bacterial seed inoculations especially with BA-140 and BA-142 may satisfy nitrogen requirements of sugar beet and barley under field conditions even in upland areas. Einfluss einer Saatgut-Inokulation mit N2-fixierenden Bakterien auf den Ertrag von Zuckerrübe und Gerste In vorliegender Arbeit wird die Effektivität von 7 N2-fixierenden Bakterienstämmen bei Zuckerrübe und Gerste unter Feldbedingungen des Hochlandes von Erzurum/Türkei (1950 m ü. NN) in den Vegetationsperioden 1999 und 2000 geprüft. Das Saatgut wurde mit jeweils einem von fünf Bacillus-Stämmen sowie je einem Stamm von Burkholderia (BA-7) und Pseudomonas (BA-8) inokuliert. In vorausgegangenen Tests waren alle Stämme in der Lage, in einem N-freien Basalmedium zu wachsen. Zum Vergleich mit einer völlig unbehandelten Kontrollparzelle wurden Parzellen mit einer mineralischen N-, P- bzw. NP-Düngung versehen. Im Mittel beider Versuchsjahre steigerte eine Beimpfung des Saatgutes mit BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13 und M-3 den Rübenertrag um 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1 bzw. 6.5% und den Zuckerertrag um 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3 und 5.3% gegenüber der Kontrolle. N-, P- und NP-Mineraldüngergaben steigerten den Rübenertrag um 13.6, 5.3 und 21.4%, den Zuckerertrag um 6.1, 4.0 und 14.8%. BA-140 und BA-142 waren die besten Bakterienstämme. Sie ermöglichten allerdings nur Rübenerträge, die mit der Mineral-N-Parzelle vergleichbar waren. Zusammenfassend scheinen Inokulationen mit BA-140 und BA-142 den N-Bedarf von Zuckerrübe und Gerste unter Feldbedingungen im Raum Erzurum befriedigen zu können.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
BA-140 inoculation increased sugar beet root yield by 13.0% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Treatment
- BA-140e0
- Interactor
- BA-140e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.0e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA-140 inoculation increased sugar beet sugar yield by 7.8% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- BA-140e0
- Interactor
- BA-140e0symbiont
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.8e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA-142 inoculation increased sugar beet root yield by 12.6% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- BA-142e0
- Interactor
- BA-142e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.6e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA-142 inoculation increased sugar beet sugar yield by 6.3% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- BA-142e0
- Interactor
- BA-142e0symbiont
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.3e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
M-58 inoculation increased sugar beet root yield by 10.5% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- M-58e0
- Interactor
- M-58e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.5e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
M-58 inoculation increased sugar beet sugar yield by 5.1% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- M-58e0
- Interactor
- M-58e0symbiont
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA-7 inoculation increased sugar beet root yield by 9.2% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- BA-7e0
- Interactor
- BA-7e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.2e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA-7 inoculation increased sugar beet sugar yield by 4.0% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- BA-7e0
- Interactor
- BA-7e0symbiont
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.0e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA-8 inoculation increased sugar beet root yield by 8.1% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- BA-8e0
- Interactor
- BA-8e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA-8 inoculation increased sugar beet sugar yield by 3.2% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- BA-8e0
- Interactor
- BA-8e0symbiont
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.2e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
M-13 inoculation increased sugar beet root yield by 6.1% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- M-13e0
- Interactor
- M-13e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
M-13 inoculation increased sugar beet sugar yield by 2.3% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- M-13e0
- Interactor
- M-13e0symbiont
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.3e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
M-3 inoculation increased sugar beet root yield by 6.5% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- M-3e0
- Interactor
- M-3e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.5%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
M-3 inoculation increased sugar beet sugar yield by 5.3% against the control.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- M-3e0
- Interactor
- M-3e0symbiont
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA-140, BA-142, M-58, BA-7, BA-8, M-13, and M-3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
N application increased sugar beet root yield by 13.6%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, and NP applications, however, increased root yield up to 13.6, 5.3, and 21.4% and sugar yield by 6.1, 4.0, and 14.8%, respectively.”
e1“seed inoculation of sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
N application increased sugar beet sugar yield by 6.1%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, and NP applications, however, increased root yield up to 13.6, 5.3, and 21.4% and sugar yield by 6.1, 4.0, and 14.8%, respectively.”
e1“seed inoculation of sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
P application increased sugar beet root yield by 5.3%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, and NP applications, however, increased root yield up to 13.6, 5.3, and 21.4% and sugar yield by 6.1, 4.0, and 14.8%, respectively.”
e1“seed inoculation of sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
P application increased sugar beet sugar yield by 4.0%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, and NP applications, however, increased root yield up to 13.6, 5.3, and 21.4% and sugar yield by 6.1, 4.0, and 14.8%, respectively.”
e1“seed inoculation of sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
NP application increased sugar beet root yield by 21.4%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- NPe0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, and NP applications, however, increased root yield up to 13.6, 5.3, and 21.4% and sugar yield by 6.1, 4.0, and 14.8%, respectively.”
e1“seed inoculation of sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
NP application increased sugar beet sugar yield by 14.8%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- NPe0
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, and NP applications, however, increased root yield up to 13.6, 5.3, and 21.4% and sugar yield by 6.1, 4.0, and 14.8%, respectively.”
e1“seed inoculation of sugar beet”
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