Abstract
Presowing nitrogen (N) fertiliser management for aerial-sown rice was investigated for 2 soil cultivation methods, conventional cultivation and puddling, in the Coleambally Irrigation Area of New South Wales. Two N sources, urea and anhydrous ammonia (NH3, ColdFlo), were used. Urea was applied at 3 depths (0,7, 17 cm) and NH3 at 2 depths (7, 17 cm). These 5 treatments were compared with an unfertilised control and with a novel method of applying NH3 in the same operation as puddling. Urea was applied at 60 kg N/ha; the application rate of NH3 appeared to be higher than the intended rate of 60 kg N/ha. The site was responsive to N: agronomic efficiency of the urea-fertilised treatments averaged 39 kg grain yield increase/kg applied N. Dry matter yield, N uptake, and grain yield were similar on conventionally cultivated and puddled soil. There were no significant interactions between cultivation and N treatments in their effects on crop growth or N uptake. Application depth of fertiliser also had no significant effect on crop performance. Applying NH3 in the same operation as puddling was as effective as other methods of applying N, with the advantage of allowing soil preparation and fertiliser application to be completed in 1 pass. Urea labelled with 15N was applied at depths of 0, 5, and 15 cm to microplots at a rate of 60 kg N/ha. Recoveries of 15N in plants and soil were similar for both methods of soil cultivation and for different N application depths, consistent with results from the large plots described above. There was no interaction between soil cultivation and urea application depth treatments. Recovery of applied 14N averaged 32% in the plant shoots and 24% in the top 30 cm of the soil. Recoveries of 15N from presowing urea application have not previously been reported for aerial-sown rice in New South Wales. The results suggest that puddling can be readily integrated into the rice management system without changing current fertiliser practices. However, soil N uptake was very high, accounting for around 90% of the plant N uptake in the urea-fertilised treatments. Therefore, extrapolation of the results of the treatment comparisons to other sites with lower available N should only be done with caution.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Urea fertilization increased grain yield by an average of 39 kg per kg applied nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- urea-fertilised treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 39 kg grain yield increase/kg applied Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“agronomic efficiency of the urea-fertilised treatments averaged 39 kg grain yield increase/kg applied N”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter yield was similar between conventional cultivation and puddling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- puddled soile0
- Outcome
- Dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- conventionally cultivatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter yield, N uptake, and grain yield were similar on conventionally cultivated and puddled soil”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen uptake was similar between conventional cultivation and puddling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- puddled soile0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- conventionally cultivatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter yield, N uptake, and grain yield were similar on conventionally cultivated and puddled soil”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was similar between conventional cultivation and puddling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- puddled soile0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- conventionally cultivatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter yield, N uptake, and grain yield were similar on conventionally cultivated and puddled soil”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation and nitrogen treatment did not significantly interact for crop growth or nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cultivation and N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- crop growth or N uptakee0
- Direction
- no significant interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant interactions between cultivation and N treatments in their effects on crop growth or N uptake”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application depth had no significant effect on crop performance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Application depth of fertilisere0
- Outcome
- crop performancee0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application depth of fertiliser also had no significant effect on crop performance”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying ammonia during puddling was as effective as other nitrogen application methods.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Applying NH3 in the same operation as puddlinge0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- as effectivee0
- Comparator
- other methods of applying Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying NH3 in the same operation as puddling was as effective as other methods of applying N”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant and soil recovery of labeled nitrogen was similar across cultivation methods and application depths.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- different N application depthse0
- Outcome
- Recoveries of 15N in plants and soile0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- both methods of soil cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recoveries of 15N in plants and soil were similar for both methods of soil cultivation and for different N application depths”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery of applied nitrogen averaged 32% in rice shoots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- plant shootse0
- Outcome
- Recovery of applied 14Ne0
- Value
- 32%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of applied 14N averaged 32% in the plant shoots”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery of applied nitrogen averaged 24% in the top 30 cm of soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Recovery of applied 14Ne1
- Value
- 24%e0
- Qualifier
- top 30 cm of the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24% in the top 30 cm of the soil”
e1“Recovery of applied 14N averaged 32% in the plant shoots”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogen uptake accounted for about 90% of total plant nitrogen uptake under urea fertilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- urea-fertilised treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soil N uptakee0
- Value
- around 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil N uptake was very high, accounting for around 90% of the plant N uptake in the urea-fertilised treatments”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Puddling can be integrated into rice management without changing fertilizer practices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- puddling can be readily integrated into the rice management system without changing current fertiliser practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“puddling can be readily integrated into the rice management system without changing current fertiliser practices”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment comparisons should be extrapolated cautiously to sites with lower available nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- extrapolation of the results of the treatment comparisons to other sites with lower available N should only be done with cautione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extrapolation of the results of the treatment comparisons to other sites with lower available N should only be done with caution”
t0“rice”
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