Abstract
Plants cultivated on acid soils that contain toxic levels of Al3+ usually produce low yields. A multi-factorial treatment of gypsum (G), boron (B), and limestone (Lm) was applied to such soil in order to determine the biochemical basis of the best management plan for ameliorating the soil acidity for sustainable growth of alfalfa. The alfalfa shoots were subjected to analysis for hexose, protein, nucleotide, and chlorophyll (Chl) contents, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) activity, and the RNA synthetic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Hexose and protein contents of control alfalfa without B and G, but with Lm (672 g m-2) amendment were 0.87 and 38.30 g, respectively, per kg shoot. Increasing the G doses at fixed moderate doses of 0.15 and 0.30 g m-2 B decreased the FBPase activity by ∼53 and ∼31 %, respectively. However, increasing the B doses at higher fixed G (1 kg m-2= G1.0) increased the FBPase activity by ∼91 % thus indicating that G1 optimized the saccharide metabolism by neutralizing the soil acidity. In the absence of B, increasing the G doses also maximized the hexose and Chl contents, but minimized the nucleotide amount. In the absence of G, increasing the B doses maximized the RNA synthetic activity of GDH, but lowered the hexose and Chl contents as well as the FBPase activity without affecting the protein contents, thereby permitting the selection of B (0.45 g m-2) with Lm as the best amendment for the sustainable growth of alfalfa. Treatment with 0.45 g B and 0.5 kg G (= G0.5) induced the strongest B-Ca antagonism by maximizing the hexose and Chl contents but severely suppressing the FBPase activity and the RNA synthetic activity of GDH. Therefore, the coordinate optimization of saccharide metabolism through the G-dependent neutralization of soil acidity, and of RNA metabolism through the B-dependent detoxification of Al3+ are the biochemical options for the mitigation of the adverse effects of soil acidity for the optimization of sustainable alfalfa production.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Control alfalfa shoots contained 0.87 g hexose per kg shoot.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Outcome
- Hexosee0
- Value
- 0.87e0
- Qualifier
- per kg shoote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hexose and protein contents of control alfalfa without B and G, but with Lm (672 g m-2) amendment were 0.87 and 38.30 g, respectively, per kg shoot”
Claim · model-written summary
Control alfalfa shoots contained 38.30 g protein per kg shoot.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Value
- 38.30 ge0
- Qualifier
- per kg shoote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hexose and protein contents of control alfalfa without B and G, but with Lm (672 g m-2) amendment were 0.87 and 38.30 g, respectively, per kg shoot”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing gypsum at fixed 0.15 g m-2 boron reduced FBPase activity by about 53%.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the G dosese0
- Outcome
- FBPase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- ∼53e0
- Qualifier
- 0.15 and 0.30 g m-2 Be0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the G doses at fixed moderate doses of 0.15 and 0.30 g m-2 B decreased the FBPase activity by ∼53 and ∼31 %, respectively”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing gypsum at fixed 0.30 g m-2 boron reduced FBPase activity by about 31%.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing the G dosese0
- Outcome
- FBPase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- ∼31 %e0
- Qualifier
- 0.15 and 0.30 g m-2 Be0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the G doses at fixed moderate doses of 0.15 and 0.30 g m-2 B decreased the FBPase activity by ∼53 and ∼31 %, respectively”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing boron at fixed high gypsum raised FBPase activity by about 91%.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing the B dosese0
- Outcome
- FBPase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- ∼91 %e0
- Qualifier
- higher fixed G (1 kg m-2= G1.0)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the B doses at higher fixed G (1 kg m-2= G1.0) increased the FBPase activity by ∼91 %”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
With no boron, increasing gypsum maximized hexose and chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing the G dosese0
- Outcome
- hexose and Chl contentse0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of B, increasing the G doses also maximized the hexose and Chl contents”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
With no boron, increasing gypsum minimized nucleotide amount.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- nucleotide amounte0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but minimized the nucleotide amount”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
With no gypsum, increasing boron maximized GDH RNA synthetic activity.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing the B dosese0
- Gene
- GDHe0
- Outcome
- RNA synthetic activity of GDHe0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of G, increasing the B doses maximized the RNA synthetic activity of GDH”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
With no gypsum, increasing boron lowered hexose, chlorophyll and FBPase activity.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- hexose and Chl contents as well as the FBPase activitye0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowered the hexose and Chl contents as well as the FBPase activity”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
With no gypsum, increasing boron did not affect protein contents.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without affecting the protein contents”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors selected boron with limestone as the best amendment for sustainable alfalfa growth.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- B (0.45 g m-2) with Lme0
- Outcome
- best amendment for the sustainable growth of alfalfae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selection of B (0.45 g m-2) with Lm as the best amendment for the sustainable growth of alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined boron and gypsum treatment maximized hexose and chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 0.45 g B and 0.5 kg Ge0
- Outcome
- hexose and Chl contentse0
- Direction
- maximizinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 0.45 g B and 0.5 kg G (= G0.5) induced the strongest B-Ca antagonism by maximizing the hexose and Chl contents”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment suppressed FBPase and GDH RNA synthetic activity.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- FBPase activity and the RNA synthetic activity of GDHe0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but severely suppressing the FBPase activity and the RNA synthetic activity of GDH”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend coordinating gypsum and boron effects on saccharide and RNA metabolism for alfalfa production.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- optimization of sustainable alfalfa productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the coordinate optimization of saccharide metabolism through the G-dependent neutralization of soil acidity, and of RNA metabolism through the B-dependent detoxification of Al3+ are the biochemical options for the mitigation of the adverse effects of soil acidity for the optimization of sustainable alfalfa production”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · molecular: metabolites · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.