Abstract
Abstract Calcium (Ca) spray materials improved fruit quality as measured by control of bitter pit, fruit finish (appearance), increased red skin color, reduced incidence of scald, increased juiciness, texture, and fruit firmness of ‘Red’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.). Concentrations of Ca in leaf and fruit tissues were increased by Ca sprays, especially calcium chloride (CaCl2)‐containing spray materials. Improved fruit firmness and control of bitter pit occurred for either standard recommended or high rates of Ca spray materials. At high rates of application, the only significant difference that occurred between early and late applications of Ca spray materials was that less leaf injury occurred with the early applications. Unsprayed ‘Red Delicious’ fruit from M.7 rootstocks had greater fruit peel Ca concentrations and a lower incidence of bitter pit but smaller fruit than fruit from trees on M.26 rootstocks. The above information is strong evidence that Ca sprays are important for the improvement of apple quality.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays improved apple fruit quality across bitter pit, finish, color, scald, juiciness, texture and firmness.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- ‘Red’ and ‘Golden Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- Calcium (Ca) spray materialse0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium (Ca) spray materials improved fruit quality as measured by control of bitter pit, fruit finish (appearance), increased red skin color, reduced incidence of scald, increased juiciness, texture, and fruit firmness of ‘Red’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprays increased calcium concentration in apple leaf and fruit tissues, especially calcium chloride sprays.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Ca sprayse0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of Ca in leaf and fruit tissuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Ca in leaf and fruit tissues were increased by Ca sprays, especially calcium chloride (CaCl2)‐containing spray materials”
e1“apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard and high calcium spray rates both improved firmness and controlled bitter pit.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- standard recommended or high rates of Ca spray materialse0
- Outcome
- fruit firmness and control of bitter pite0
- Direction
- Improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Improved fruit firmness and control of bitter pit occurred for either standard recommended or high rates of Ca spray materials”
e1“apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At high calcium rates, early applications caused less leaf injury than late applications.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- earlye0
- Outcome
- leaf injurye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- late applications of Ca spray materialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high rates of application, the only significant difference that occurred between early and late applications of Ca spray materials was that less leaf injury occurred with the early applications”
e1“apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed Red Delicious on M.7 had greater peel calcium concentration than on M.26.
Verbatim
e0“Unsprayed ‘Red Delicious’ fruit from M.7 rootstocks had greater fruit peel Ca concentrations and a lower incidence of bitter pit but smaller fruit than fruit from trees on M.26 rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed Red Delicious on M.7 had lower bitter pit incidence than on M.26.
Verbatim
e0“Unsprayed ‘Red Delicious’ fruit from M.7 rootstocks had greater fruit peel Ca concentrations and a lower incidence of bitter pit but smaller fruit than fruit from trees on M.26 rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed Red Delicious on M.7 had smaller fruit than on M.26.
Verbatim
e0“Unsprayed ‘Red Delicious’ fruit from M.7 rootstocks had greater fruit peel Ca concentrations and a lower incidence of bitter pit but smaller fruit than fruit from trees on M.26 rootstocks”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.