Abstract
A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of nitrogen and boron, applied singly and in combination, on the growth of young, thinned lodgepole pine in the interior of British Columbia. Results indicate that subacute boron deficiencies without visible growth disturbance symptoms, may reduce the nitrogen fertilization response potential of lodgepole pine. Combined nitrogen and boron application significantly improved the 3-year mean height and volume increment over that obtained with nitrogen alone. Relatively small boron additions (i.e., 1.5 and 3.0 kg boron•ha −1 ) to the soil surface elevated foliar boron concentrations and maintained them throughout the 3-year study period. No toxic effects of boron application on foliage were observed. Both 1st-year fascicle weight response and 2nd-year branch elongation proved to be reliable indicators of subsequent stem volume response. The slightly larger stem growth response obtained with a complete fertilizer treatment, when combined with needle weight and foliar analysis data, indicates that nitrogen and nitrogen plus boron treatments may have induced a marginal sulphur deficiency. Because boron deficiency symptoms can develop rapidly following an interruption in boron uptake, and because top dieback can have such an adverse effect on stem quality and value, it is recommended that boron be added to nitrogenous fertilizer when undertaking aerial fertilization projects in lodgepole pine forests where average foliar boron concentrations are below 15 ppm.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Subacute boron deficiency may reduce nitrogen fertilizer response.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pine
Pinus contortae0 - Compound
- borone0
- Outcome
- nitrogen fertilization response potentiale0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subacute boron deficiencies without visible growth disturbance symptoms, may reduce the nitrogen fertilization response potential of lodgepole pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen and boron significantly improved 3-year mean height increment versus nitrogen alone.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- Combined nitrogen and boron applicatione0
- Outcome
- 3-year mean heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- nitrogen alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined nitrogen and boron application significantly improved the 3-year mean height and volume increment over that obtained with nitrogen alone”
t0“lodgepole pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen and boron significantly improved 3-year mean volume increment versus nitrogen alone.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- Combined nitrogen and boron applicatione0
- Outcome
- volume incremente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- nitrogen alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined nitrogen and boron application significantly improved the 3-year mean height and volume increment over that obtained with nitrogen alone”
t0“lodgepole pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron additions elevated and maintained foliar boron concentrations for 3 years.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- 1.5 and 3.0 kg boron•ha −1e0
- Outcome
- foliar boron concentrationse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relatively small boron additions (i.e., 1.5 and 3.0 kg boron•ha −1 ) to the soil surface elevated foliar boron concentrations and maintained them throughout the 3-year study period”
t0“lodgepole pine”
Claim · model-written summary
No foliar toxicity was observed after boron application.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- boron applicatione0
- Outcome
- toxic effectse0
- Direction
- Noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No toxic effects of boron application on foliage were observed”
t0“lodgepole pine”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year fascicle weight and second-year branch elongation predicted later stem volume response.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pinePinus contortat0
- Organ / stage
- fasciclee0
- Outcome
- subsequent stem volume responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both 1st-year fascicle weight response and 2nd-year branch elongation proved to be reliable indicators of subsequent stem volume response”
t0“lodgepole pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer produced a slightly larger stem growth response.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- complete fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- stem growth responsee0
- Direction
- slightly largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The slightly larger stem growth response obtained with a complete fertilizer treatment”
t0“lodgepole pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and nitrogen plus boron may have induced marginal sulphur deficiency.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and nitrogen plus boron treatmentse0
- Outcome
- marginal sulphur deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen and nitrogen plus boron treatments may have induced a marginal sulphur deficiency”
t0“lodgepole pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend boron with nitrogenous fertilizer where foliar boron is below 15 ppm.
- Taxon
- lodgepole pinePinus contortae0
- Outcome
- boron be added to nitrogenous fertilizere0
- Qualifier
- below 15 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended that boron be added to nitrogenous fertilizer when undertaking aerial fertilization projects in lodgepole pine forests where average foliar boron concentrations are below 15 ppm”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · growth · Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
nitrogen · growth · Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
fertilization · growth · Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.