Abstract
Geminivirus AL2 and L2 proteins cause enhanced susceptibility, characterized primarily by an increase in viral infectivity, when expressed in transgenic plants. Here, we present genetic and biochemical evidence that enhanced susceptibility is attributable to the interaction of AL2 and L2 with SNF1 kinase, a global regulator of metabolism. Specifically, we show that AL2 and L2 inactivate SNF1 in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrate that expression of an antisense SNF1 transgene in Nicotiana benthamiana plants causes enhanced susceptibility similar to that conditioned by the AL2 and L2 transgenes, whereas SNF1 overexpression leads to enhanced resistance. Transgenic plants expressing an AL2 protein that lacks a significant portion of the SNF1 interaction domain do not display enhanced susceptibility. Together, these observations suggest that the metabolic alterations mediated by SNF1 are a component of innate antiviral defenses and that SNF1 inactivation by AL2 and L2 is a counterdefensive measure. They also indicate that geminiviruses are able to modify host metabolism to their own advantage, and they provide a molecular link between metabolic status and inherent susceptibility to viral pathogens.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
AL2 and L2 expression enhances viral infectivity in transgenic plants.
Verbatim
e0“Geminivirus AL2 and L2 proteins cause enhanced susceptibility, characterized primarily by an increase in viral infectivity, when expressed in transgenic plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
AL2 and L2 interact with SNF1 kinase, accounting for enhanced susceptibility.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Gene
- SNF1 kinasee0
- Outcome
- enhanced susceptibilitye0
- Qualifier
- interaction of AL2 and L2 with SNF1 kinasee0
Verbatim
e0“enhanced susceptibility is attributable to the interaction of AL2 and L2 with SNF1 kinase”
e1“transgenic plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AL2 and L2 inactivate SNF1 in vitro and in vivo.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana plants
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Gene
- SNF1e0
- Outcome
- inactivate SNF1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AL2 and L2 inactivate SNF1 in vitro and in vivo”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Antisense SNF1 expression enhances susceptibility in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- expression of an antisense SNF1 transgenee0
- Gene
- SNF1e0
- Outcome
- enhanced susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- AL2 and L2 transgenese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of an antisense SNF1 transgene in Nicotiana benthamiana plants causes enhanced susceptibility similar to that conditioned by the AL2 and L2 transgenes”
Claim · model-written summary
SNF1 overexpression enhances resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana plantsNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- SNF1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SNF1e0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNF1 overexpression leads to enhanced resistance”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants expressing AL2 without much of its SNF1 interaction domain lack enhanced susceptibility.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic plants expressing an AL2 protein that lacks a significant portion of the SNF1 interaction domain do not display enhanced susceptibility.”
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See all 143 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.