Abstract
Abstract Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium repens were grown under ambient (400 μmol mol –1 ) and elevated (650 μmol mol –1 ) atmospheric CO 2 conditions. Plants were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and given a phosphorus supply in the form of bonemeal. Six sequential harvests were taken in order to determine whether the effect of elevated CO 2 on internal mycorrhizal colonization and external hyphal production was independent of the stimulatory effect of elevated CO 2 on plant growth. At a given time, elevated CO 2 increased the percentage of root length colonized (RLC), the total length of colonized root and the external mycorrhizal hyphal (EMH) density and decreased the ratio of EMH to total length of colonized root. When plant size was taken into account, the CO 2 effect on RLC and total length of colonized root was greatly reduced (and only apparent for early harvests in T. repens ) and the effects on the EMH parameters disappeared. Root tissue P concentration was unchanged at elevated CO 2 , but there was a decrease in shoot P at the later harvests. There was no direct effect of elevated CO 2 on P inflow for the earlier period (< 50 d) of the experiment. However, over the last period, there was a significant negative effect of elevated CO 2 on P inflow for both species, independent of plant size. It is concluded that elevated CO 2 had no direct effect on mycorrhizal colonization or external hyphal production, and that any observed effects on a time basis were due to faster growing plants at elevated CO 2 . However, for older plants, elevated CO 2 had a direct negative effect on P inflow. This decrease in P inflow coincides with the observed decrease in shoot P concentration. This is discussed in terms of downregulation of photosynthesis often seen in elevated CO 2 grown plants, and the potential for mycorrhizas (via external hyphal turnover) to alleviate the phenomenon. The direction for future research is highlighted, especially in relation to carbon flow to and storage in the soil.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At a given time elevated CO2 increased percentage of root length colonized (RLC).
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolata
Plantago lanceolatat0 - Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0 - Outcome
- percentage of root length colonized (RLC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a given time, elevated CO 2 increased the percentage of root length colonized (RLC), the total length of colonized root and the external mycorrhizal hyphal (EMH) density and decreased the ratio of EMH to total length of colonized root.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
e1“Plants were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given time elevated CO2 increased total length of colonized root.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
- Outcome
- total length of colonized roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a given time, elevated CO 2 increased the percentage of root length colonized (RLC), the total length of colonized root and the external mycorrhizal hyphal (EMH) density and decreased the ratio of EMH to total length of colonized root.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
e1“Plants were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given time elevated CO2 increased external mycorrhizal hyphal (EMH) density.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
- Outcome
- external mycorrhizal hyphal (EMH) densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a given time, elevated CO 2 increased the percentage of root length colonized (RLC), the total length of colonized root and the external mycorrhizal hyphal (EMH) density and decreased the ratio of EMH to total length of colonized root.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
e1“Plants were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given time elevated CO2 decreased ratio of EMH to total length of colonized root.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
- Outcome
- ratio of EMH to total length of colonized roote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a given time, elevated CO 2 increased the percentage of root length colonized (RLC), the total length of colonized root and the external mycorrhizal hyphal (EMH) density and decreased the ratio of EMH to total length of colonized root.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
e1“Plants were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlling for plant size greatly reduced the CO2 effect on root colonization.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
- Outcome
- CO 2 effect on RLC and total length of colonized roote0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
- Qualifier
- When plant size was taken into accounte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When plant size was taken into account, the CO 2 effect on RLC and total length of colonized root was greatly reduced (and only apparent for early harvests in T. repens ) and the effects on the EMH parameters disappeared.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
e1“Plants were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
After accounting for plant size, the effects on external hyphal parameters disappeared.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
- Outcome
- effects on the EMH parameterse0
- Direction
- disappearede0
- Qualifier
- When plant size was taken into accounte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When plant size was taken into account, the CO 2 effect on RLC and total length of colonized root was greatly reduced (and only apparent for early harvests in T. repens ) and the effects on the EMH parameters disappeared.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
e1“Plants were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
Root tissue P concentration was unchanged at elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- Root tissue P concentratione0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root tissue P concentration was unchanged at elevated CO 2 , but there was a decrease in shoot P at the later harvests.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot P decreased at later harvests under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- shoot Pe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- later harvestse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root tissue P concentration was unchanged at elevated CO 2 , but there was a decrease in shoot P at the later harvests.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no direct effect on P inflow before 50 days.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- P inflowe0
- Direction
- no direct effecte0
- Qualifier
- earlier period (< 50 d)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no direct effect of elevated CO 2 on P inflow for the earlier period (< 50 d) of the experiment.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly reduced P inflow in both species during the last period independently of plant size.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- P inflowe0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
- Qualifier
- independent of plant sizee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over the last period, there was a significant negative effect of elevated CO 2 on P inflow for both species, independent of plant size.”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · nutrient: content · Plantago lanceolata (narrow-leaved plantain)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.