Abstract
The perception of pathogen-derived elicitors by plants has been suggested to involve phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase-C (PI-PLC) signalling. Here we show that PLC isoforms are required for the hypersensitive response (HR) and disease resistance. We characterised the tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (Sl)] PLC gene family. Six Sl PLC-encoding cDNAs were isolated and their expression in response to infection with the pathogenic fungus Cladosporium fulvum was studied. We found significant regulation at the transcriptional level of the various SlPLCs, and SlPLC4 and SlPLC6 showed distinct expression patterns in C. fulvum-resistant Cf-4 tomato. We produced the encoded proteins in Escherichia coli and found that both genes encode catalytically active PI-PLCs. To test the requirement of these Sl PLCs for full Cf-4-mediated recognition of the effector Avr4, we knocked down the expression of the encoding genes by virus-induced gene silencing. Silencing of SlPLC4 impaired the Avr4/Cf-4-induced HR and resulted in increased colonisation of Cf-4 plants by C. fulvum expressing Avr4. Furthermore, expression of the gene in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the Avr4/Cf-4-induced HR. Silencing of SlPLC6 did not affect HR, whereas it caused increased colonisation of Cf-4 plants by the fungus. Interestingly, Sl PLC6, but not Sl PLC4, was also required for resistance to Verticillium dahliae, mediated by the transmembrane Ve1 resistance protein, and to Pseudomonas syringae, mediated by the intracellular Pto/Prf resistance protein couple. We conclude that there is a differential requirement of PLC isoforms for the plant immune response and that Sl PLC4 is specifically required for Cf-4 function, while Sl PLC6 may be a more general component of resistance protein signalling.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Six Sl PLC-encoding cDNAs were isolated from tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- Sl PLC-encoding cDNAse0
- Value
- Sixe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e0“Six Sl PLC-encoding cDNAs were isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection with Cladosporium fulvum significantly regulated transcription of the various SlPLCs in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- infection with the pathogenic fungus Cladosporium fulvume0
- Interactor
- Cladosporium fulvum
Fulvia fulvae0pathogen - Gene
- SlPLCse1
- Outcome
- regulation at the transcriptional levele1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e0“Six Sl PLC-encoding cDNAs were isolated and their expression in response to infection with the pathogenic fungus Cladosporium fulvum was studied”
e1“We found significant regulation at the transcriptional level of the various SlPLCs”
Claim · model-written summary
SlPLC4 and SlPLC6 showed distinct expression patterns in C. fulvum-resistant Cf-4 tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Cf-4e2
- Interactor
- C. fulvumFulvia fulvae2pathogen
- Gene
- SlPLC4 and SlPLC6e2
- Outcome
- expression patternse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e2“SlPLC4 and SlPLC6 showed distinct expression patterns in C. fulvum-resistant Cf-4 tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Both tomato PLC genes encode catalytically active PI-PLC proteins.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- catalytically active PI-PLCse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e3“We produced the encoded proteins in Escherichia coli and found that both genes encode catalytically active PI-PLCs”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of SlPLC4 impaired the Avr4/Cf-4-induced HR in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing of SlPLC4e4
- Gene
- SlPLC4e4
- Outcome
- Avr4/Cf-4-induced HRe4
- Direction
- impairede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e4“Silencing of SlPLC4 impaired the Avr4/Cf-4-induced HR and resulted in increased colonisation of Cf-4 plants by C. fulvum expressing Avr4”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of SlPLC4 increased colonisation of Cf-4 tomato plants by C. fulvum expressing Avr4.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing of SlPLC4e4
- Interactor
- C. fulvumFulvia fulvae4pathogen
- Gene
- SlPLC4e4
- Outcome
- colonisatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e4“Silencing of SlPLC4 impaired the Avr4/Cf-4-induced HR and resulted in increased colonisation of Cf-4 plants by C. fulvum expressing Avr4”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of the gene in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the Avr4/Cf-4-induced HR.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- expression of the gene in Nicotiana benthamianae5
- Outcome
- Avr4/Cf-4-induced HRe5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e5“expression of the gene in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the Avr4/Cf-4-induced HR”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of SlPLC6 did not affect the HR in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing of SlPLC6e6
- Gene
- SlPLC6e6
- Outcome
- HRe6
- Direction
- did not affecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e6“Silencing of SlPLC6 did not affect HR, whereas it caused increased colonisation of Cf-4 plants by the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of SlPLC6 increased colonisation of Cf-4 tomato plants by the fungus.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing of SlPLC6e6
- Interactor
- the funguse6pathogen
- Gene
- SlPLC6e6
- Outcome
- colonisatione6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e6“Silencing of SlPLC6 did not affect HR, whereas it caused increased colonisation of Cf-4 plants by the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Sl PLC6, but not Sl PLC4, was required for resistance to Verticillium dahliae in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee7pathogen - Gene
- Sl PLC6e7
- Outcome
- resistancee7
- Comparator
- Sl PLC4e7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e7“Interestingly, Sl PLC6, but not Sl PLC4, was also required for resistance to Verticillium dahliae, mediated by the transmembrane Ve1 resistance protein, and to Pseudomonas syringae, mediated by the intracellular Pto/Prf resistance protein couple”
Claim · model-written summary
Sl PLC6, but not Sl PLC4, was required for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee7pathogen - Gene
- Sl PLC6e7
- Outcome
- resistancee7
- Comparator
- Sl PLC4e7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e7“Interestingly, Sl PLC6, but not Sl PLC4, was also required for resistance to Verticillium dahliae, mediated by the transmembrane Ve1 resistance protein, and to Pseudomonas syringae, mediated by the intracellular Pto/Prf resistance protein couple”
Claim · model-written summary
Sl PLC4 is specifically required for Cf-4 function, whereas Sl PLC6 may be a more general component of resistance protein signalling.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Sl PLC4e7
- Outcome
- Cf-4 functione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Identification of tomato phosphatidylinositol-specific”
e7“Sl PLC4 is specifically required for Cf-4 function, while Sl PLC6 may be a more general component of resistance protein signalling”
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