Abstract
ABSTRACT The effect of salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 dS m− 1) on ion concentrations [magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl)] of one-year-old ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees on one of three rootstocks [‘Duke 7’ (D7), ‘Toro Canyon’ (TC), or ‘Thomas’ (TH)] was investigated. Concentrations of Mg decreased in roots, stems, and older leaves with increasing substrate salinity. Salinity had no effect on Ca concentration of the trees. Potassium concentrations decreased in roots of all trees and stems of trees on TH. Potassium concentrations either remained unchanged or increased at salinity levels of 3.0 dS m− 1 and above in leaves and buds of all trees. Sodium increased in roots and woody organs in trees on all rootstocks. Leaf Na concentrations increased with salinity in trees on D7 and TH, but not TC. Chloride increased in all organs of all trees with increasing salinity, but to the greatest extent in trees on TH and to the least extent in trees on TC. At high substrate salinity concentrations, leaves of trees on TH rootstock had the highest leaf concentrations of Na and Cl, and the highest Na:K ratios. Sodium and chloride concentrations were correlated with necrosis in older leaves of TH, but less so in leaves of trees on TC or D7. Based on percent necrosis in older leaves with increased salinity, trees on TH performed poorest, whereas trees on TC exhibited the greatest salt tolerance. Leaf necrosis was consistently observed at Cl concentrations of 4 mg g− 1 or more, and at Na:K ratios of 0.01 or more in older leaves. Chloride concentration and Na:K ratio in older leaves appears to be a useful marker for salinity tolerance screening in avocado rootstocks. The relative tolerance of the various rootstocks appeared to be due primarily to their ability to exclude Na and Cl from the leaves.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium declined in roots, stems, and older leaves with increasing salinity.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanat0 - Organ / stage
- roots, stems, and older leavese0
- Treatment
- increasing substrate salinitye0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of Mge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of Mg decreased in roots, stems, and older leaves with increasing substrate salinity.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity did not affect tree calcium concentration.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- Ca concentratione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity had no effect on Ca concentration of the trees.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Root potassium declined under salinity in all trees.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- Potassium concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium concentrations decreased in roots of all trees and stems of trees on TH.”
t0“Avocado”
e1“Salinity had no effect on Ca concentration of the trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem potassium declined in trees on TH.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Material
- THe0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- Potassium concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium concentrations decreased in roots of all trees and stems of trees on TH.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and bud potassium was unchanged or increased at salinity of 3.0 dS m− 1 and above.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and budse0
- Outcome
- Potassium concentrationse0
- Direction
- remained unchanged or increasede0
- Qualifier
- 3.0 dS m− 1 and abovee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium concentrations either remained unchanged or increased at salinity levels of 3.0 dS m− 1 and above in leaves and buds of all trees.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium increased in roots and woody organs on all rootstocks.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and woody organse0
- Outcome
- Sodiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium increased in roots and woody organs in trees on all rootstocks.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf sodium increased with salinity on D7 and TH but not TC.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Material
- D7 and THe0
- Outcome
- Leaf Na concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- but not TCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf Na concentrations increased with salinity in trees on D7 and TH, but not TC.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride increased in all organs under salinity, most on TH and least on TC.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloride increased in all organs of all trees with increasing salinity, but to the greatest extent in trees on TH and to the least extent in trees on TC.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
At high salinity, TH leaves had the highest sodium and chloride concentrations.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Material
- THe0
- Outcome
- leaf concentrations of Na and Cle0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high substrate salinity concentrations, leaves of trees on TH rootstock had the highest leaf concentrations of Na and Cl, and the highest Na:K ratios.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
At high salinity, TH leaves had the highest Na:K ratios.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Material
- THe0
- Outcome
- Na:K ratiose0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high substrate salinity concentrations, leaves of trees on TH rootstock had the highest leaf concentrations of Na and Cl, and the highest Na:K ratios.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium and chloride concentrations correlated with older-leaf necrosis on TH, less on TC or D7.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Material
- THe0
- Compound
- Sodium and chloridee0
- Outcome
- necrosis in older leavese0
- Qualifier
- less so in leaves of trees on TC or D7e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium and chloride concentrations were correlated with necrosis in older leaves of TH, but less so in leaves of trees on TC or D7.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
TH performed poorest by older-leaf necrosis under rising salinity.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Material
- THe0
- Outcome
- percent necrosis in older leavese0
- Direction
- pooreste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on percent necrosis in older leaves with increased salinity, trees on TH performed poorest”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
TC trees had the greatest salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Material
- TCe0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees on TC exhibited the greatest salt tolerance.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf necrosis occurred consistently at chloride concentration at least 4 mg g− 1.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Compound
- Cle0
- Outcome
- Leaf necrosise0
- Value
- 4 mg g− 1 or moree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf necrosis was consistently observed at Cl concentrations of 4 mg g− 1 or more”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf necrosis occurred consistently at Na:K ratio at least 0.01.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Compound
- Na:Ke0
- Outcome
- Leaf necrosise0
- Value
- 0.01 or moree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf necrosis was consistently observed at Cl concentrations of 4 mg g− 1 or more, and at Na:K ratios of 0.01 or more in older leaves.”
t0“Avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
Older leaf chloride and Na:K ratio were proposed as screening markers for rootstock salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Outcome
- salinity tolerance screeninge0
- Value
- Na:K ratioe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloride concentration and Na:K ratio in older leaves appears to be a useful marker for salinity tolerance screening in avocado rootstocks.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootstock tolerance appeared primarily due to exclusion of sodium and chloride from leaves.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- relative tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- ability to exclude Na and Cl from the leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative tolerance of the various rootstocks appeared to be due primarily to their ability to exclude Na and Cl from the leaves.”
t0“Avocado”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · nutrient: content · Persea americana (avocado)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.