Abstract
Farmers grow crops in the dryland region of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) using tillage practices ranging from moldboard plowing to no-tillage. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tillage on persistence of imazamox herbicide in intermediate and high precipitation zones of the inland PNW. Along with a nontreated control, imazamox was applied to imidazolinone-tolerant winter wheat in the fall and spring at one, two, and three times the maximum labeled rate at locations near Genesee, ID, Davenport, WA, and Pendleton, OR. Moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till tillage treatments were implemented soon after wheat harvest and yellow mustard was planted the following season to determine crop response. Experiments were conducted at each location in 2005 to 2007 and 2006 to 2008. There were significant location by year and year and location interactions. There was no significant tillage by imazamox rate interaction, except at Pendleton in year 2, for all measured yellow mustard responses (crop injury, biomass, and yield). Genesee was colder than Pendleton and had more precipitation than Davenport, resulting in more injury to yellow mustard at Genesee than at Pendleton but less than at Davenport. Davenport had greater injury than the other two locations, likely due to lower soil pH, higher organic matter (OM), and cooler, drier climate, which allowed imazamox to persist longer in the soil. Overall, Pendleton had the least yellow mustard injury, which likely was related to its warmer, wetter climate and the concomitant rapid soil dissipation of imazamox. Tillage did not reduce the persistence of imazamox. Yellow mustard had the lowest injury and had greater mature biomass and seed yield in no-till seeded plots when averaged across imazamox rates compared to moldboard and chisel-plowed plots.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not reduce the persistence of imazamox in the soil.
- Taxon
- Yellow Mustard
Sinapis albat0 - Treatment
- Tillagee1
- Outcome
- persistence of imazamoxe1
- Direction
- did not reducee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e1“Tillage did not reduce the persistence of imazamox.”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till seeded plots had the lowest yellow mustard injury.
- Taxon
- Yellow MustardSinapis albat0
- Treatment
- no-till seeded plotse2
- Outcome
- injurye2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Comparator
- moldboard and chisel-plowed plotse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e2“Yellow mustard had the lowest injury and had greater mature biomass and seed yield in no-till seeded plots when averaged across imazamox rates compared to moldboard and chisel-plowed plots”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till seeded plots had greater mature biomass and seed yield than moldboard and chisel-plowed plots, averaged across imazamox rates.
- Taxon
- Yellow MustardSinapis albat0
- Treatment
- no-till seeded plotse2
- Outcome
- mature biomass and seed yielde2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Qualifier
- when averaged across imazamox ratese2
- Comparator
- moldboard and chisel-plowed plotse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e2“Yellow mustard had the lowest injury and had greater mature biomass and seed yield in no-till seeded plots when averaged across imazamox rates compared to moldboard and chisel-plowed plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Davenport had greater yellow mustard injury than the other two locations.
- Taxon
- Yellow MustardSinapis albat0
- Outcome
- injurye3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- the other two locationse3
- Setting
- Davenporte3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e3“Davenport had greater injury than the other two locations, likely due to lower soil pH, higher organic matter (OM), and cooler, drier climate, which allowed imazamox to persist longer in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater injury at Davenport is likely due to lower soil pH, higher organic matter and a cooler, drier climate.
- Taxon
- Yellow MustardSinapis albat0
- Outcome
- injurye3
- Qualifier
- lower soil pH, higher organic matter (OM), and cooler, drier climatee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e3“Davenport had greater injury than the other two locations, likely due to lower soil pH, higher organic matter (OM), and cooler, drier climate, which allowed imazamox to persist longer in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow mustard at Genesee had more injury than at Pendleton but less than at Davenport.
- Taxon
- Yellow MustardSinapis albat0
- Outcome
- injurye4
- Direction
- more injurye4
- Qualifier
- but less than at Davenporte4
- Comparator
- Pendletone4
- Setting
- Geneseee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e4“Genesee was colder than Pendleton and had more precipitation than Davenport, resulting in more injury to yellow mustard at Genesee than at Pendleton but less than at Davenport”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendleton had the least yellow mustard injury.
- Taxon
- Yellow MustardSinapis albat0
- Outcome
- yellow mustard injurye5
- Direction
- leaste5
- Setting
- Pendletone5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e5“Overall, Pendleton had the least yellow mustard injury, which likely was related to its warmer, wetter climate and the concomitant rapid soil dissipation of imazamox”
Claim · model-written summary
Low yellow mustard injury at Pendleton is likely related to its warmer, wetter climate and rapid soil dissipation of imazamox.
- Taxon
- Yellow MustardSinapis albat0
- Outcome
- yellow mustard injurye5
- Qualifier
- warmer, wetter climate and the concomitant rapid soil dissipation of imazamoxe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e5“Overall, Pendleton had the least yellow mustard injury, which likely was related to its warmer, wetter climate and the concomitant rapid soil dissipation of imazamox”
Claim · model-written summary
Location by year and year by location interactions were significant.
- Taxon
- Yellow MustardSinapis albat0
- Outcome
- location by year and year and location interactionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e6“There were significant location by year and year and location interactions”
Claim · model-written summary
The tillage by imazamox rate interaction was not significant for the measured yellow mustard responses, except at Pendleton in year 2.
- Taxon
- Yellow MustardSinapis albat0
- Outcome
- tillage by imazamox rate interactione7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Qualifier
- except at Pendleton in year 2e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tillage Affects Imazamox Carryover in Yellow Mustard”
e7“There was no significant tillage by imazamox rate interaction, except at Pendleton in year 2, for all measured yellow mustard responses (crop injury, biomass, and yield)”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Sinapis alba (white mustard)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.