Abstract
Studies on N2 fixation by grain legumes during periods of winter waterlogging prone Mediterranean regions have rarely been performed across scales. Here, we quantified the spatial variability of N2 fixation by rain-fed chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at the field- and micro-scales (0.15 m spacing) after waterlogging during the vegetative growth phase in the winter. We also determined effects of tillage (standard and minimum) and crop and soil variables on N2 fixation in water stressed conditions. After waterlogging, yield was greatly reduced but there were no visible signs of water stress or tillage effects on N2 fixation. At the field scale, percent N derived from N2 fixation (%Ndfa) ranged from 51 to 93 % and was related to the amount of soil-derived N in the plant. Total grain N did not increase when N2 fixation increased and the amount of N derived from the soil was replaced with fixed N. In contrast, %Ndfa at the micro-scale, ranging between 0 to 72 %, was primarily related to yield and total plant N whereas available soil N or any of the other measured soil properties were not significant predictors of %Ndfa. Total N in the grain increased solely due to N2 fixation as the contribution from soil N remained constant. Although %Ndfa had a nearly pure nugget variance across the scales, total N derived from N2 fixation (gNdfa) showed a relatively high level of spatial correlation. The range of available soil N pools was likely different at the two scales, leading to differences in the responses of chickpea N2 fixation to available soil N.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea yield was greatly reduced after waterlogging.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After waterlogging, yield was greatly reduced but there were no visible signs of water stress or tillage effects on N2 fixation.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
No visible water stress or tillage effects on chickpea nitrogen fixation appeared after waterlogging.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- N2 fixatione0
- Direction
- no visible signs of water stress or tillage effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After waterlogging, yield was greatly reduced but there were no visible signs of water stress or tillage effects on N2 fixation.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Field-scale chickpea nitrogen derived from fixation ranged from 51 to 93%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- percent N derived from N2 fixatione0
- Value
- 51 to 93 %e0
- Setting
- field scalee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the field scale, percent N derived from N2 fixation (%Ndfa) ranged from 51 to 93 % and was related to the amount of soil-derived N in the plant.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Field-scale fixation percentage was related to soil-derived nitrogen in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- soil-derived Ne0
- Outcome
- percent N derived from N2 fixatione0
- Setting
- field scalee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the field scale, percent N derived from N2 fixation (%Ndfa) ranged from 51 to 93 % and was related to the amount of soil-derived N in the plant.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chickpea grain nitrogen did not rise as fixation increased at field scale.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- fixed Ne0
- Outcome
- Total grain Ne0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- N2 fixation increasede0
- Setting
- field scalee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total grain N did not increase when N2 fixation increased and the amount of N derived from the soil was replaced with fixed N.”
t0“chickpea”
e1“At the field scale, percent N derived from N2 fixation (%Ndfa) ranged from 51 to 93 % and was related to the amount of soil-derived N in the plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
At micro scale, fixation percentage ranged from zero to 72%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- %Ndfae0
- Value
- 0 to 72 %e0
- Setting
- micro-scalee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, %Ndfa at the micro-scale, ranging between 0 to 72 %, was primarily related to yield and total plant N whereas available soil N or any of the other measured soil properties were not significant predictors of %Ndfa.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Micro-scale fixation percentage related primarily to yield and total plant nitrogen.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- total plant Ne0
- Outcome
- %Ndfae0
- Setting
- micro-scalee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, %Ndfa at the micro-scale, ranging between 0 to 72 %, was primarily related to yield and total plant N whereas available soil N or any of the other measured soil properties were not significant predictors of %Ndfa.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil nitrogen and other soil properties were not significant predictors of micro-scale fixation percentage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- available soil Ne0
- Outcome
- %Ndfae0
- Setting
- micro-scalee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, %Ndfa at the micro-scale, ranging between 0 to 72 %, was primarily related to yield and total plant N whereas available soil N or any of the other measured soil properties were not significant predictors of %Ndfa.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Micro-scale total grain nitrogen increased solely through nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- N2 fixatione0
- Outcome
- Total N in the graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- micro-scalee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total N in the grain increased solely due to N2 fixation as the contribution from soil N remained constant.”
t0“chickpea”
e1“In contrast, %Ndfa at the micro-scale, ranging between 0 to 72 %, was primarily related to yield and total plant N whereas available soil N or any of the other measured soil properties were not significant predictors of %Ndfa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fixation percentage had nearly pure nugget variance across scales.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- %Ndfae0
- Qualifier
- nearly pure nugget variance across the scalese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although %Ndfa had a nearly pure nugget variance across the scales, total N derived from N2 fixation (gNdfa) showed a relatively high level of spatial correlation.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nitrogen from fixation showed relatively high spatial correlation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- total N derived from N2 fixatione0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Qualifier
- spatial correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although %Ndfa had a nearly pure nugget variance across the scales, total N derived from N2 fixation (gNdfa) showed a relatively high level of spatial correlation.”
t0“chickpea”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
tillage · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.