Abstract
Content and activity of Rubisco and concentrations of leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) were determined at regular intervals during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons to understand the effects and interactions of [O3] and elevated [CO2] on biochemical limitations to photosynthesis during ontogeny. Soybean (Glycine max var. Essex) was grown in open-top field chambers in either charcoalfiltered air (CF, 20 nmol mol−1) or non-filtered air supplemented with 1.5 x ambient [O3] (c. 80 nmol mol−1) at ambient (AA, 360 μmol mol−1) or elevated [CO2] (700 μmol mol−1). Sampling period significantly affected all the variables examined. Changes included a decrease in the activity and content of Rubisco during seed maturation, and increased nitrogen (N), leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC, including starch and sucrose) through the reproductive phases. Ontogenetic changes were most rapid in O3-treated plants. At ambient [CO2], O3 decreased initial activity (14–64% per unit leaf area and 14–29% per unit Rubisco) and content of Rubisco (9–53%), and N content per unit leaf area. Ozone decreased LMA by 17–28% of plants in CF-AA at the end of the growing season because of a 24–41% decrease in starch and a 59–80% decrease in sucrose. In general, elevated [CO2], in CF or O3-fumigated air, reduced the initial activity of Rubisco and activation state while having little effect on Rubisco content, N and chlorophyll content, per unit leaf area. Elevated CO2 decreased Rubisco activity by 14–34% per unit leaf area and 15–25% per unit Rubisco content of plants in grown CF-AA, and increased LMA by 27–74% of the leaf mass per unit area in CF-AA because of a 23–148% increase in starch. However, the data suggest that, at elevated [CO2], increases in starch and sucrose are not directly responsible for the deactivation of Rubisco. Also, there was little evidence of an adjustment of Rubisco activity in response to starch and sucrose metabolism. Significant interactions between elevated [CO2] and [O3] on all variables examined generally resulted in alleviation or amelioration of the O3 effects at elevated CO2. These data provide further support to the idea that elevated atmospheric CO2 will reduce or prevent damage from pollutant O3.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Rubisco activity and content decreased during seed maturation in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- seed maturatione1
- Outcome
- activity and content of Rubiscoe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“Changes included a decrease in the activity and content of Rubisco during seed maturation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen, leaf mass per unit area and total non-structural carbohydrates increased through the reproductive phases.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive phasese2
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N), leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and total non-structural carbohydratese2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“increased nitrogen (N), leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC, including starch and sucrose) through the reproductive phases”
Claim · model-written summary
Ontogenetic changes were most rapid in ozone-treated soybean plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- O3-treatede3
- Outcome
- Ontogenetic changese3
- Direction
- most rapide3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e3“Ontogenetic changes were most rapid in O3-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient CO2, ozone decreased initial Rubisco activity by 14-64% per unit leaf area.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- O3e4
- Outcome
- initial activitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 14–64%e4
- Qualifier
- per unit leaf areae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e4“At ambient [CO2], O3 decreased initial activity (14–64% per unit leaf area and 14–29% per unit Rubisco) and content of Rubisco (9–53%), and N content per unit leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient CO2, ozone decreased initial Rubisco activity by 14-29% per unit Rubisco.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- O3e4
- Outcome
- initial activitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 14–29%e4
- Qualifier
- per unit Rubiscoe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e4“At ambient [CO2], O3 decreased initial activity (14–64% per unit leaf area and 14–29% per unit Rubisco) and content of Rubisco (9–53%), and N content per unit leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient CO2, ozone decreased Rubisco content by 9-53%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e4“At ambient [CO2], O3 decreased initial activity (14–64% per unit leaf area and 14–29% per unit Rubisco) and content of Rubisco (9–53%), and N content per unit leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient CO2, ozone decreased N content per unit leaf area.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- O3e4
- Outcome
- N content per unit leaf areae4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e4“At ambient [CO2], O3 decreased initial activity (14–64% per unit leaf area and 14–29% per unit Rubisco) and content of Rubisco (9–53%), and N content per unit leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased leaf mass per unit area by 17-28% in CF-AA plants at the end of the growing season.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozonee5
- Outcome
- LMAe5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 17–28%e5
- Comparator
- CF-AAe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e5“Ozone decreased LMA by 17–28% of plants in CF-AA at the end of the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased starch by 24-41% in CF-AA plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozonee5
- Outcome
- starche6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Value
- 24–41%e6
- Comparator
- CF-AAe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e5“Ozone decreased LMA by 17–28% of plants in CF-AA at the end of the growing season”
e6“because of a 24–41% decrease in starch and a 59–80% decrease in sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone decreased sucrose by 59-80% in CF-AA plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ozonee5
- Outcome
- sucrosee6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Value
- 59–80%e6
- Comparator
- CF-AAe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e5“Ozone decreased LMA by 17–28% of plants in CF-AA at the end of the growing season”
e6“because of a 24–41% decrease in starch and a 59–80% decrease in sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
The ozone-induced decrease in leaf mass per unit area is attributed to decreased starch and sucrose.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e5“Ozone decreased LMA by 17–28% of plants in CF-AA at the end of the growing season”
e6“because of a 24–41% decrease in starch and a 59–80% decrease in sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced the initial activity of Rubisco and its activation state.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e7
- Outcome
- initial activity of Rubisco and activation statee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e7“In general, elevated [CO2], in CF or O3-fumigated air, reduced the initial activity of Rubisco and activation state while having little effect on Rubisco content, N and chlorophyll content, per unit leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had little effect on Rubisco content, N and chlorophyll content per unit leaf area.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e7
- Outcome
- Rubisco content, N and chlorophyll contente7
- Direction
- little effecte7
- Qualifier
- per unit leaf areae7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e7“In general, elevated [CO2], in CF or O3-fumigated air, reduced the initial activity of Rubisco and activation state while having little effect on Rubisco content, N and chlorophyll content, per unit leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased Rubisco activity by 14-34% per unit leaf area in CF-AA plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- Rubisco activitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 14–34%e2
- Qualifier
- per unit leaf areae2
- Comparator
- CF-AAe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Elevated CO2 decreased Rubisco activity by 14–34% per unit leaf area and 15–25% per unit Rubisco content of plants in grown CF-AA, and increased LMA by 27–74% of the leaf mass per unit area in CF-AA because of a 23–148% increase in starch”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased Rubisco activity by 15-25% per unit Rubisco content in CF-AA plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- Rubisco activitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 15–25%e2
- Qualifier
- per unit Rubisco contente2
- Comparator
- CF-AAe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Elevated CO2 decreased Rubisco activity by 14–34% per unit leaf area and 15–25% per unit Rubisco content of plants in grown CF-AA, and increased LMA by 27–74% of the leaf mass per unit area in CF-AA because of a 23–148% increase in starch”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased leaf mass per unit area by 27-74% in CF-AA plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- LMAe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 27–74%e2
- Comparator
- CF-AAe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Elevated CO2 decreased Rubisco activity by 14–34% per unit leaf area and 15–25% per unit Rubisco content of plants in grown CF-AA, and increased LMA by 27–74% of the leaf mass per unit area in CF-AA because of a 23–148% increase in starch”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased starch by 23-148% in CF-AA plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- starche2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 23–148%e2
- Comparator
- CF-AAe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Elevated CO2 decreased Rubisco activity by 14–34% per unit leaf area and 15–25% per unit Rubisco content of plants in grown CF-AA, and increased LMA by 27–74% of the leaf mass per unit area in CF-AA because of a 23–148% increase in starch”
Claim · model-written summary
Increases in starch and sucrose under elevated CO2 are not directly responsible for Rubisco deactivation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e2
- Compound
- starch and sucrosee2
- Outcome
- deactivation of Rubiscoe2
- Qualifier
- not directly responsiblee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“However, the data suggest that, at elevated [CO2], increases in starch and sucrose are not directly responsible for the deactivation of Rubisco”
Claim · model-written summary
There was little evidence that Rubisco activity adjusts to starch and sucrose metabolism.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- starch and sucrosee2
- Outcome
- adjustment of Rubisco activitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Also, there was little evidence of an adjustment of Rubisco activity in response to starch and sucrose metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant CO2-by-O3 interactions generally alleviated the ozone effects at elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2] and [O3]e2
- Outcome
- O3 effectse2
- Direction
- alleviatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Significant interactions between elevated [CO2] and [O3] on all variables examined generally resulted in alleviation or amelioration of the O3 effects at elevated CO2”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 50 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 64 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.