Abstract
Events preliminary to avocado (Persea americana Mill) fruitlet abscission include senescence of the nucellus and seed coat. The dynamics of nucellar deterioration and ethylene production leading to seed abortion and abscission in avocado was examined. Excised branches bearing clusters of fruit from 1.0–2.5 cm diameter were placed in humid chambers to reduce transpirational water loss. Fruitlets synchronously began nucellar and seed coat deterioration 27–33 h after excision and rapidly progressed through stages of increasing degradation culminating in abscission approximately 2 days later. The nucellus-seed coat produced a temporary burst of ethylene at the first visible sign of nucellar senescence followed by less ethylene production in the mesocarp approximately 12 h later. All fruit underwent nucellar degradation prior to abscission. Exogenously applied ethylene accelerated fruitlet abscission with concentrations as low as 1.0μ 1−1 and with maximum response at 100μl−1 or greater. Maximal response took 2 days. Aminoethoxyvinyl-glycine (AVG) at 30 μ M inhibited ethylene production and fruitlet abscission. The senescence process, however, was not af fected in any way by ethylene or AVG treatments. Observations of attached fruit suggest that nucellar-seed coat senescence, concomitant ethylene production, and resulting abscission take place in a manner and within a time period similar to that observed on detached branches. It is concluded that nucellar and seed coat senescence is prerequisite to avocado fruitlet abscission, and the time required from the first indication of nucellar breakdown to abscission of that fruitlet appears to be approximately 2 days. The senescence process is responsible for a large, transient rate increase in ethylene production by the nucellus and perhaps seed coat. Ethylene is considered to be the result rather than the cause of nucellar-seed coat senescence. The ethylene thus produced induces fruit abscission.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Avocado fruitlets began nucellar and seed coat deterioration 27-33 h after excision of the branch.
- Taxon
- Avocado
Persea americanat0 - Organ / stage
- nucellar and seed coate3
- Outcome
- nucellar and seed coat deterioratione3
- Value
- 27–33 he3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Fruitlets synchronously began nucellar and seed coat deterioration 27–33 h after excision”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
The nucellus-seed coat produced a temporary burst of ethylene at the first visible sign of nucellar senescence.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- nucellus-seed coate1
- Outcome
- temporary burst of ethylenee1
- Qualifier
- at the first visible sign of nucellar senescencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The nucellus-seed coat produced a temporary burst of ethylene at the first visible sign of nucellar senescence”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production in the mesocarp was lower about 12 h after the nucellus-seed coat burst.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Organ / stage
- mesocarpe2
- Outcome
- ethylene productione2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Value
- 12 he2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“less ethylene production in the mesocarp approximately 12 h later”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenously applied ethylene accelerated fruitlet abscission at concentrations as low as 1.0 μl l-1.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Exogenously applied ethylenee4
- Outcome
- fruitlet abscissione4
- Direction
- acceleratede4
- Value
- 1.0μ 1−1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Exogenously applied ethylene accelerated fruitlet abscission with concentrations as low as 1.0μ 1−1 and with maximum response at 100μl−1 or greater”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum response of fruitlet abscission to exogenous ethylene was reached at 100 μl l-1 or greater.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- ethylenee4
- Outcome
- maximum responsee4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 100μl−1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Exogenously applied ethylene accelerated fruitlet abscission with concentrations as low as 1.0μ 1−1 and with maximum response at 100μl−1 or greater”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximal response to exogenous ethylene took 2 days.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- ethylenee4
- Outcome
- Maximal responsee5
- Value
- 2 dayse5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Exogenously applied ethylene accelerated fruitlet abscission with concentrations as low as 1.0μ 1−1 and with maximum response at 100μl−1 or greater”
e5“Maximal response took 2 days”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
Aminoethoxyvinyl-glycine (AVG) at 30 μM inhibited ethylene production and fruitlet abscission.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- Aminoethoxyvinyl-glycine (AVG) at 30 μ Me6
- Outcome
- ethylene production and fruitlet abscissione6
- Direction
- inhibitede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Aminoethoxyvinyl-glycine (AVG) at 30 μ M inhibited ethylene production and fruitlet abscission”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
The senescence process was not affected by ethylene or AVG treatments.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- ethylene or AVG treatmentse7
- Outcome
- senescence processe7
- Direction
- not affectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The senescence process, however, was not af fected in any way by ethylene or AVG treatments”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
Nucellar and seed coat senescence is a prerequisite to avocado fruitlet abscission.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae7
- Outcome
- fruitlet abscissione7
- Qualifier
- nucellar and seed coat senescence is prerequisitee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“nucellar and seed coat senescence is prerequisite to avocado fruitlet abscission”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
The time from first nucellar breakdown to abscission of a fruitlet is approximately 2 days.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- the time required from the first indication of nucellar breakdown to abscissione7
- Value
- 2 dayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the time required from the first indication of nucellar breakdown to abscission of that fruitlet appears to be approximately 2 days”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
The senescence process is responsible for a large, transient rise in ethylene production by the nucellus.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione7
- Qualifier
- senescence process is responsible for a large, transient rate increasee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The senescence process is responsible for a large, transient rate increase in ethylene production by the nucellus and perhaps seed coat”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene is considered the result rather than the cause of nucellar-seed coat senescence.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- nucellar-seed coat senescencee7
- Qualifier
- Ethylene is considered to be the result rather than the causee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Ethylene is considered to be the result rather than the cause of nucellar-seed coat senescence”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene produced by the senescing nucellus induces fruit abscission.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Compound
- ethylenee7
- Outcome
- fruit abscissione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The ethylene thus produced induces fruit abscission”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
All fruitlets underwent nucellar degradation before abscission.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- nucellar degradatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“All fruit underwent nucellar degradation prior to abscission”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
In attached fruit, nucellar-seed coat senescence, ethylene production and abscission occur in a manner and time similar to detached branches.
- Taxon
- AvocadoPersea americanat0
- Outcome
- nucellar-seed coat senescence, concomitant ethylene production, and resulting abscissione7
- Direction
- similare7
- Comparator
- detached branchese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“nucellar-seed coat senescence, concomitant ethylene production, and resulting abscission take place in a manner and within a time period similar to that observed on detached branches”
t0“Avocado Fruitlet Abscission”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · quality: postharvest · Persea americana (avocado)Positive and negative results
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