Abstract
As pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Finale and Solara develop in the field, pods located at the second flowering node, increase in fresh and dry weight until 75 d after planting (DAP); thereafter, dry weight and moisture content decrease rapidly. Seed development consists of three phases, all limited by low moisture content (MQ. The first phase (PI) corresponds to the formation of the embryo and surrounding structure (MC is stable at 85%). During the second phase (P2) the cotyledons are filled (MC decreases from 84% to 55%). The third phase (P3) entails desiccation on the mother plant. Fresh and dry weight increase until 75 DAP (55% MC or physiological maturity, PM) and rapidly decrease during the third phase until 14% MC. Leakage conductivity of immature seeds reflects sap arrival in the testa and accumulation in the apoplast it is important during PI and the onset of P2, but during P2 it decreases slowly until physiological maturity and rapidly thereafter. Immature seed germination is noted from 62 DAP, increases until 67 DAP, then decreases with a maximum at physiological maturity; some days after physiological maturity germination is complete (up to 100%). Seedling growth from immature seeds during P2 is low, but slowly increases until physiological maturity. When germination (up to 100%) is attained seedling growth is normal. Hydration of the immature seed indicates that 55% MC is a highly specific value at which a transition in the hydration rate is occurring. Moisture loss from pea seeds during the P2 filling stage appears to be necessary for seed adaptation to the abrupt desiccation which occurs at physiological maturity. Physiological maturity is attained when disruption of the vascular connection between the pod and the mother-plant occurs.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pod fresh and dry weight increased until 75 days after planting.
- Taxon
- Pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Organ / stage
- podse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 75 d after plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pods located at the second flowering node, increase in fresh and dry weight until 75 d after planting (DAP)”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod dry weight and moisture content then decreased rapidly.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- dry weight and moisture contente0
- Direction
- decrease rapidlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereafter, dry weight and moisture content decrease rapidly”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo formation occurred in the first phase at stable 85% moisture.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- embryoe0
- Outcome
- formation of the embryo and surrounding structuree0
- Value
- 85%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“first phase (PI) corresponds to the formation of the embryo and surrounding structure (MC is stable at 85%)”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon filling occurred as moisture fell from 84% to 55%.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Outcome
- MCe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 84% to 55%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the second phase (P2) the cotyledons are filled (MC decreases from 84% to 55%)”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed fresh and dry weight increased to 75 DAP then decreased in phase three.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- Fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 75 DAPe0
- Qualifier
- rapidly decrease during the third phase until 14% MCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh and dry weight increase until 75 DAP (55% MC or physiological maturity, PM) and rapidly decrease during the third phase until 14% MC”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed leakage conductivity decreased slowly through phase two and rapidly after physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- Leakage conductivitye0
- Direction
- decreases slowlye0
- Qualifier
- rapidly thereaftere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leakage conductivity of immature seeds reflects sap arrival in the testa and accumulation in the apoplast it is important during PI and the onset of P2, but during P2 it decreases slowly until physiological maturity and rapidly thereafter”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature seed germination began at 62 DAP and reached up to 100% after physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- Immature seed germinatione0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- up to 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immature seed germination is noted from 62 DAP, increases until 67 DAP, then decreases with a maximum at physiological maturity; some days after physiological maturity germination is complete (up to 100%)”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth was low in phase two and increased until physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- Seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling growth from immature seeds during P2 is low, but slowly increases until physiological maturity”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth was normal once germination reached up to 100%.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- seedling growth is normale0
- Value
- up to 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When germination (up to 100%) is attained seedling growth is normal”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydration rate changed at 55% moisture content.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- transition in the hydration ratee0
- Value
- 55% MCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“55% MC is a highly specific value at which a transition in the hydration rate is occurring”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that moisture loss during filling prepares seeds for desiccation at physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- seed adaptation to the abrupt desiccatione0
- Qualifier
- Moisture loss from pea seeds during the P2 filling stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moisture loss from pea seeds during the P2 filling stage appears to be necessary for seed adaptation to the abrupt desiccation which occurs at physiological maturity”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Physiological maturity coincided with disruption of the pod to mother plant vascular connection.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- pode0
- Outcome
- Physiological maturity is attainede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Physiological maturity is attained when disruption of the vascular connection between the pod and the mother-plant occurs”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”