Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of inoculations of biological nitrogen fixers using Azotobacter and Azospirillum individually and concomitantly with different recommended doses of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and organic matter in the form of sesame (Sesame indicum) cake on the growth, yield and quality traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) in relation to the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. The multiplication rate, egg masses, and root-galls per plant of these nematodes were reduced significantly by the individual inoculation of biological nitrogen fixers as well as with organic matter; while concomitant inoculation of bio-inoculants showed a synergistic effect in increasing crop growth and yield. Azospirillum was found to be more effective than Azotobacter. The highest improvement was recorded in the yield and growth parameters, plant height, fresh and dry weights, percent pollen fertility, green fruits yield per plant, chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid content when these biological nitrogen fixers were added concomitantly in various combinations. The Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) contents in plants and in soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations whenever these bio-fertilizers were inoculated and thus, reduce the fertilizers needed for commercial tomato production. The best results were obtained with 100% recommended dose of nitrogenous fertilizers along with the bio-fertilizers and farm yard manure.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Individual biological nitrogen fixer inoculation significantly reduced nematode multiplication, egg masses and root galls per tomato plant.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- individual inoculation of biological nitrogen fixerse0
- Outcome
- multiplication rate, egg masses, and root-galls per plant of these nematodese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The multiplication rate, egg masses, and root-galls per plant of these nematodes were reduced significantly by the individual inoculation of biological nitrogen fixers”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic matter significantly reduced nematode multiplication, egg masses and root galls per tomato plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- organic mattere0
- Outcome
- multiplication rate, egg masses, and root-galls per plant of these nematodese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The multiplication rate, egg masses, and root-galls per plant of these nematodes were reduced significantly by the individual inoculation of biological nitrogen fixers as well as with organic matter”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bio-inoculants synergistically increased tomato growth and yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- concomitant inoculation of bio-inoculantse0
- Outcome
- crop growth and yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concomitant inoculation of bio-inoculants showed a synergistic effect in increasing crop growth and yield”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum was more effective than Azotobacter.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- Azotobactere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azospirillum was found to be more effective than Azotobacter”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen fixers gave the highest improvement in plant height and fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biological nitrogen fixers were added concomitantlye0
- Outcome
- plant height, fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- highest improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest improvement was recorded in the yield and growth parameters, plant height, fresh and dry weights, percent pollen fertility, green fruits yield per plant, chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid content when these biological nitrogen fixers were added concomitantly in various combinations”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen fixers gave the highest improvement in pollen fertility and green fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biological nitrogen fixers were added concomitantlye0
- Outcome
- percent pollen fertility, green fruits yield per plante0
- Direction
- highest improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest improvement was recorded in the yield and growth parameters, plant height, fresh and dry weights, percent pollen fertility, green fruits yield per plant, chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid content when these biological nitrogen fixers were added concomitantly in various combinations”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen fixers gave the highest improvement in chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biological nitrogen fixers were added concomitantlye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid contente0
- Direction
- highest improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest improvement was recorded in the yield and growth parameters, plant height, fresh and dry weights, percent pollen fertility, green fruits yield per plant, chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid content when these biological nitrogen fixers were added concomitantly in various combinations”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizer inoculation increased plant NPK contents in almost all combinations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizers were inoculatede0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) contents in plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- almost all the combinationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) contents in plants and in soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations whenever these bio-fertilizers were inoculated”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizer inoculation increased soil NPK contents in almost all combinations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizers were inoculatede0
- Outcome
- contents in plants and in soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- almost all the combinationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) contents in plants and in soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations whenever these bio-fertilizers were inoculated”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors found the best results with full recommended nitrogen fertilizer plus bio-fertilizers and farm yard manure.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 100% recommended dose of nitrogenous fertilizers along with the bio-fertilizers and farm yard manuree0
- Outcome
- best resultse0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best results were obtained with 100% recommended dose of nitrogenous fertilizers along with the bio-fertilizers and farm yard manure”
t0“Tomato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.