Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and inhibits physiological processes of plants. Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient in plants. K deficiency and Cd stress represent two different abiotic stress conditions that occur in the field simultaneously. In this study, effects of K deficiency on antioxidant status and Cd toxicity in rice seedlings were investigated. RESULTS: K deficiency significantly decreased K concentration in shoots and roots. However, fresh weight and dry weight of rice seedlings were not affected by K deficiency. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase) in K-deficient leaves were higher than respective control leaves. However, K deficiency had no effect on the content of antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione). Cd toxicity was judged by the decrease in biomass production, chlorosis, and induction of oxidative stress. Based on these criteria, we demonstrated that K deficiency protected rice seedling from Cd stress. Moreover, chlorophyll concentration was higher in K-deficient shoots and roots than their respective control shoots and roots. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that K deficiency protects rice seedlings from Cd toxicity. This protective effect of K deficiency is mainly due to enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities but not inhibition of Cd uptake.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency significantly reduced K concentration in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- rice seedlings
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Outcome
- K concentration in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K deficiency significantly decreased K concentration in shoots and roots”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency did not affect fresh or dry weight.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Outcome
- fresh weight and dry weighte0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh weight and dry weight of rice seedlings were not affected by K deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
K-deficient leaves had higher activities of four antioxidant enzymes than controls.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- K-deficiente0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- respective control leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase) in K-deficient leaves were higher than respective control leaves”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency did not affect ascorbate or glutathione content.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Outcome
- content of antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione)e0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K deficiency had no effect on the content of antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione)”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency protected rice seedlings from Cd stress.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Outcome
- Cd stresse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K deficiency protected rice seedling from Cd stress”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll concentration was higher in K-deficient shoots and roots than controls.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- K-deficiente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- respective control shoots and rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll concentration was higher in K-deficient shoots and roots than their respective control shoots and roots”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities were proposed to explain protection from Cd toxicity.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- K deficiencye0
- Outcome
- protective effecte0
- Qualifier
- enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities but not inhibition of Cd uptakee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This protective effect of K deficiency is mainly due to enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities but not inhibition of Cd uptake”
t0“rice seedlings”
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