Abstract
Abstract Plant growth and development is hampered by various environmental stresses including chilling. We investigated the possibility of improving chilling tolerance in hybrid maize by glycinebetaine (GB) seed treatments. Maize hybrid (Hycorn 8288) seeds were soaked in 50, 100 and 150 mg l −1 (p.p.m.) aerated solution of GB for 24 h and were dried back. Treated and untreated seeds were sown at 27 °C (optimal temperature) and at 15 °C (chilling stress) under controlled conditions. Germination and seedling growth was significantly hindered under chilling stress. Moreover, chilling stress significantly reduced the starch metabolism and relative water contents (RWC), and increased the membrane electrolyte leakage. However, activities of antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) were increased under stress conditions. Seed treatments with GB improved the germination rate, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, leaf and root scores, RWC, soluble sugars, α‐amylase activity and antioxidants significantly compared with untreated seeds under optimal and stress conditions. Induction of chilling tolerance was attributed to maintenance of high tissue water contents, reduced membrane electrolyte leakage, and higher antioxidant activities and carbohydrate metabolism. Seed treatment with 100 mg l −1 GB was the best treatment for improving the performance of hybrid maize under normal and stress conditions compared with control and other levels used.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling stress significantly hindered maize germination and seedling growth.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination and seedling growth was significantly hindered under chilling stress.”
t0“Hybrid Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling stress significantly reduced maize starch metabolism and relative water contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling stress significantly reduced the starch metabolism and relative water contents (RWC)”
t0“Hybrid Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling stress increased maize membrane electrolyte leakage.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the membrane electrolyte leakage”
e1“chilling stress significantly reduced the starch metabolism and relative water contents (RWC), and increased the membrane electrolyte leakage.”
t0“Hybrid Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activities increased under chilling stress.
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Gene
- catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) were increased under stress conditions.”
t0“Hybrid Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine seed treatment significantly improved maize germination rate and seedling growth traits under optimal and chilling conditions versus untreated seed.
- Treatment
- Seed treatments with GBe0
- Outcome
- germination rate, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under optimal and stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- untreated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatments with GB improved the germination rate, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, leaf and root scores, RWC, soluble sugars, α‐amylase activity and antioxidants significantly compared with untreated seeds under optimal and stress conditions.”
t0“Glycinebetaine Improves Chilling Tolerance in Hybrid Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine seed treatment significantly improved leaf and root scores and relative water contents.
- Treatment
- Seed treatments with GBe0
- Outcome
- leaf and root scores, RWCe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatments with GB improved the germination rate, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, leaf and root scores, RWC, soluble sugars, α‐amylase activity and antioxidants significantly compared with untreated seeds under optimal and stress conditions.”
t0“Hybrid Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine seed treatment significantly improved soluble sugars, α-amylase activity and antioxidants.
- Treatment
- Seed treatments with GBe0
- Outcome
- soluble sugars, α‐amylase activity and antioxidantse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatments with GB improved the germination rate, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, leaf and root scores, RWC, soluble sugars, α‐amylase activity and antioxidants significantly compared with untreated seeds under optimal and stress conditions.”
t0“Hybrid Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute glycinebetaine-induced chilling tolerance to maintained tissue water, less membrane leakage, and greater antioxidant and carbohydrate metabolism.
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- maintenance of high tissue water contents, reduced membrane electrolyte leakage, and higher antioxidant activities and carbohydrate metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Induction of chilling tolerance was attributed to maintenance of high tissue water contents, reduced membrane electrolyte leakage, and higher antioxidant activities and carbohydrate metabolism.”
t0“Hybrid Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100 mg l −1 GB seed treatment performed best versus control and other doses under both conditions.
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with 100 mg l −1 GBe0
- Outcome
- performance of hybrid maizee0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- under normal and stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- control and other levels usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with 100 mg l −1 GB was the best treatment for improving the performance of hybrid maize under normal and stress conditions compared with control and other levels used.”
t0“Hybrid Maize”
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See all 23 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.