Abstract
Citrus, especially Kinnow, fruit yield and quality in Pakistan is not competitive with other countries, which could be mainly attributed to a lack of good nutrient management for citrus orchards. Many of the soils under these orchards have been reported as deficient in potassium (K). Therefore, work was initiated for improving citrus fruit yield, size, and quality through K nutrition management. Experiments were conducted in four districts of Punjab including Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh, Jhang, and Sargodha and four rates of potash, i.e., 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg dipotassium oxide (K2O) ha−1 were applied using sulfate of potash (SOP) along with recommended rates of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Soils of all the selected sites were clay loam or sandy clay loam and deficient in K. The leaf analysis also showed that all the selected orchards were deficient in K. Application of K increased the fruit yield and quality but K at100 kg K2O ha−1 was more effective in increasing the fruit weight and size, and peel thickness than other K rates in all the selected orchards. Juice volume and percentage significantly increased when K was applied at 75 kg K2O ha−1 at all sites. Nutrient uptake like K, P, and N enhanced with the increase in K application rate, however, the highest calcium (Ca)+ magnesium (Mg) was recorded at 50 kg K2O ha−1. The results indicated that all rates of K application improved the fruit yield and quality and reduced fruit dropping, however, 75 kg K2O ha−1 rate was more effective as juice volume and percentage, total soluble solid (TSS)/acid ratio and nutrient uptake showed significant improvement.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Selected orchard soils were deficient in K.
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Verbatim
e0“Soils of all the selected sites were clay loam or sandy clay loam and deficient in K”
t0“KINNOW”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves in all selected orchards were deficient in K.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf analysis also showed that all the selected orchards were deficient in K”
t0“KINNOW”
Claim · model-written summary
K application increased fruit yield and quality.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of K increased the fruit yield and quality”
t0“KINNOW”
Claim · model-written summary
100 kg K2O ha−1 increased fruit weight and size more than other K rates.
Verbatim
e0“K at100 kg K2O ha−1 was more effective in increasing the fruit weight and size, and peel thickness than other K rates”
t0“KINNOW”
Claim · model-written summary
100 kg K2O ha−1 increased peel thickness more than other K rates.
Verbatim
e0“K at100 kg K2O ha−1 was more effective in increasing the fruit weight and size, and peel thickness than other K rates”
t0“KINNOW”
Claim · model-written summary
75 kg K2O ha−1 significantly increased juice volume and percentage.
- Taxon
- KINNOWt0
- Treatment
- 75 kg K2O ha−1e0
- Outcome
- Juice volume and percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at all sitese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Juice volume and percentage significantly increased when K was applied at 75 kg K2O ha−1 at all sites”
t0“KINNOW”
Claim · model-written summary
K, P, and N uptake increased with K application rate.
- Taxon
- KINNOWt0
- Treatment
- increase in K application ratee0
- Outcome
- Nutrient uptake like K, P, and Ne0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient uptake like K, P, and N enhanced with the increase in K application rate”
t0“KINNOW”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest Ca and Mg was recorded at 50 kg K2O ha−1.
Verbatim
e0“the highest calcium (Ca)+ magnesium (Mg) was recorded at 50 kg K2O ha−1”
t0“KINNOW”
Claim · model-written summary
All K rates reduced fruit dropping.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all rates of K application improved the fruit yield and quality and reduced fruit dropping”
t0“KINNOW”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75 kg K2O ha−1 rate significantly improved TSS/acid ratio and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- KINNOWt0
- Treatment
- 75 kg K2O ha−1e0
- Outcome
- total soluble solid (TSS)/acid ratio and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“75 kg K2O ha−1 rate was more effective as juice volume and percentage, total soluble solid (TSS)/acid ratio and nutrient uptake showed significant improvement”
t0“KINNOW”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.