Abstract
This investigation was carried out at the experimental orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt, to study the effect of slow release (feldspar), organic (vinasse) fertilizer and biofertilizer (yeast & potassiumage) on growth, nutritional status and fruiting of Balady mandarin trees during 2011, 2012 and 2013 seasons. Potassium sulphate and potassium thiosulpahte were added at two equal batches on mid of April and July. Yeast, potassiumage and feldspar were applied once on March. Vinasse adding as soil dressing on mid of March and July, whereas, vinasse spraying was applied three times on mid of March, June and August. The obtained results were summarize as follow: Using vinasse or feldspar alone or combined with yeast or potassiumage as source of potassium significantly increased the growth and leaf traits compared to fertilize by potassium sulphate (check treatment). Using vinasse spraying or feldspar plus yeast gave the highest growth traits values, whereas potassium thiosulphate spraying 36% and untreated trees recorded the least one. The maximum C/N ratio of shoots were recorded in shoots of trees that fertilized by feldspar with yeast followed by vinasse and feldspar with potassiumage in descending order. The maximum yield/tree were recorded on the trees treated with feldspar plus yeast followed by vinasse spraying. Contrarly, spraying potassium thiosulphate 36% and potassium sulphate (check treatment) gave the minimum fruit retention, number of fruit and yield/tree values. It is evident from the foregoing results that using feldspar alone or plus bio-fertilizer as well as vinasse improved the growth, nutritional status and fruiting of mandarin trees. In addition, they are beneficial in the organic farming production. Such method reduces the cost of production as well as environmental pollution problems (chemical fertilizer and industrial wastes).
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Vinasse or feldspar, alone or with yeast or potassiumage, significantly increased growth and leaf traits relative to potassium sulphate.
Verbatim
e0“Using vinasse or feldspar alone or combined with yeast or potassiumage as source of potassium significantly increased the growth and leaf traits compared to fertilize by potassium sulphate (check treatment)”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Vinasse spraying gave the highest growth trait values.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Using vinasse spraying or feldspar plus yeast gave the highest growth traits values”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Feldspar plus yeast gave the highest growth trait values.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Using vinasse spraying or feldspar plus yeast gave the highest growth traits values”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium thiosulphate spraying at 36% gave among the lowest growth values.
Verbatim
e0“potassium thiosulphate spraying 36% and untreated trees recorded the least one”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated trees had among the lowest growth values.
Verbatim
e0“untreated trees recorded the least one”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Feldspar with yeast gave the maximum shoot C/N ratio.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The maximum C/N ratio of shoots were recorded in shoots of trees that fertilized by feldspar with yeast”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot C/N ratio ranked vinasse after feldspar with yeast and ahead of feldspar with potassiumage.
Verbatim
e0“followed by vinasse and feldspar with potassiumage in descending order”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Feldspar plus yeast gave maximum yield per tree.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The maximum yield/tree were recorded on the trees treated with feldspar plus yeast”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Vinasse spraying followed feldspar plus yeast in yield per tree.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“followed by vinasse spraying”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium thiosulphate spraying at 36% gave minimum fruit retention, fruit number and yield per tree.
- Taxon
- mandarint0
- Treatment
- spraying potassium thiosulphate 36%e0
- Outcome
- fruit retention, number of fruit and yield/tree valuese0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“spraying potassium thiosulphate 36% and potassium sulphate (check treatment) gave the minimum fruit retention, number of fruit and yield/tree values”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium sulphate gave minimum fruit retention, fruit number and yield per tree.
- Taxon
- mandarint0
- Treatment
- potassium sulphatee0
- Outcome
- fruit retention, number of fruit and yield/tree valuese0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“spraying potassium thiosulphate 36% and potassium sulphate (check treatment) gave the minimum fruit retention, number of fruit and yield/tree values”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude feldspar and vinasse improve mandarin growth, nutrition and fruiting.
Verbatim
e0“using feldspar alone or plus bio-fertilizer as well as vinasse improved the growth, nutritional status and fruiting of mandarin trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider these fertilizer methods beneficial for organic farming.
Verbatim
e0“they are beneficial in the organic farming production”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state the method reduces production cost.
Verbatim
e0“Such method reduces the cost of production”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state the method reduces environmental pollution.
Verbatim
e0“environmental pollution problems (chemical fertilizer and industrial wastes)”
t0“Mandarin Trees”
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