Abstract
Physical dormancy is common in seeds of arid-land legumes. Improved understanding of germination requirements of hard-seeded species will further our understanding of arid lands and aid restoration projects. We studied the germination responses of Acacia papyrocarpa (Benth.), A. oswaldii (F.Muell) and Senna artemisioides (Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell ssp. × coriacea (Benth.) Randell from a chenopod shrubland in South Australia. Imbibition testing indicated that all three species had physical dormancy, but the proportion of dormant seeds was lower in A. oswaldii. This corresponded to a thinner testa in this species. Mechanisms tested to scarify seeds included mechanical scarification and different durations of wet or dry heat. Mechanically scarified seeds germinated readily, reaching maximum numbers in 10–15 days, independently of incubation temperatures, with the exception of S. artemisioides seeds, which germinated at a slower rate in cooler temperatures. Overall, wet heat was more effective than dry heat to alleviate physical dormancy, whereas dry heat in some cases resulted in seed mortality. On the basis of these results, it is recommended that seeds of A. papyrocarpa and S. artemisoides be pretreated with wet heat in future restoration programs. No pre-treatment is required for dormancy loss in A. oswaldii seeds. The different responses of seeds of these species suggest that their populations have varying strategies for persistence in this unpredictable environment.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
All three species had physical seed dormancy.
- Taxon
- Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia oswaldii and Senna artemisioides
Acacia oswaldii
Senna artemisioides
Acacia papyrocarpat0 - Outcome
- physical dormancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imbibition testing indicated that all three species had physical dormancy”
t0“Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia oswaldii and Senna artemisioides”
Claim · model-written summary
A. oswaldii had a lower proportion of dormant seeds and a thinner testa.
- Taxon
- A. oswaldiiAcacia oswaldiie0
- Outcome
- proportion of dormant seedse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- thinner testae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the proportion of dormant seeds was lower in A. oswaldii. This corresponded to a thinner testa in this species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanically scarified seeds germinated readily and reached maximum numbers within 10–15 days regardless of incubation temperature, except for slower cool-temperature germination in S. artemisioides.
- Taxon
- Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia oswaldii and Senna artemisioidesAcacia oswaldiiSenna artemisioidesAcacia papyrocarpat0
- Treatment
- Mechanically scarifiede0
- Outcome
- germinated readilye0
- Direction
- reaching maximume0
- Value
- 10–15 dayse0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of S. artemisioides seeds, which germinated at a slower rate in cooler temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mechanically scarified seeds germinated readily, reaching maximum numbers in 10–15 days, independently of incubation temperatures, with the exception of S. artemisioides seeds, which germinated at a slower rate in cooler temperatures.”
t0“Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia oswaldii and Senna artemisioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet heat alleviated physical dormancy more effectively than dry heat.
- Taxon
- Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia oswaldii and Senna artemisioidesAcacia oswaldiiSenna artemisioidesAcacia papyrocarpat0
- Treatment
- wet heate0
- Outcome
- physical dormancye0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- dry heate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wet heat was more effective than dry heat to alleviate physical dormancy”
t0“Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia oswaldii and Senna artemisioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry heat caused seed mortality in some cases.
- Taxon
- Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia oswaldii and Senna artemisioidesAcacia oswaldiiSenna artemisioidesAcacia papyrocarpat0
- Treatment
- dry heate0
- Outcome
- seed mortalitye0
- Qualifier
- in some casese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry heat in some cases resulted in seed mortality”
t0“Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia oswaldii and Senna artemisioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet heat pretreatment is recommended for A. papyrocarpa seeds in restoration.
- Taxon
- A. papyrocarpaAcacia papyrocarpae0
- Outcome
- pretreated with wet heate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended that seeds of A. papyrocarpa and S. artemisoides be pretreated with wet heat in future restoration programs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet heat pretreatment is recommended for S. artemisoides seeds in restoration.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended that seeds of A. papyrocarpa and S. artemisoides be pretreated with wet heat in future restoration programs.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. oswaldii seeds require no pretreatment for dormancy loss.
- Taxon
- A. oswaldiiAcacia oswaldiie0
- Outcome
- No pre-treatment is required for dormancy losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No pre-treatment is required for dormancy loss in A. oswaldii seeds.”